Others have also clung to local manufacturers by positioning themselves cleverly in the market and by systematicallybuilding the trading links that underpin their exports.
For example, the magnitude of the loss of life caused by the recent earthquake in Armenia was in large measure attributable to the fact that civilian construction in the USSR is systematically denied the steel prudent building techniques require in such a seismically active region.
It was also literacy and numeracy programmes, building on best existing teaching practice, to raise basic standards systematically nationwide - 84, 000 more 11 year-olds a year now up to standard in maths and 60, 000 in English.