The most violent contraction in RGDP occurred during 4Q2008, when the average spread between the 90-day T-bill rate and the IOR rate was the greatest, at -0.83 percentage points.
With the IOR rate far above the 90-day T-bill rate, banks had no incentive to do anything with the huge volume of newly created reserves other than to sit on them, and sit on them they did.
While the IOR rate has been constant at 0.25% since December 2008, the 90-day T-bill has fallen from an average of 0.14% in November 2010 (when QE2 commenced) to zero today.