In Britain and Italy satellite also has to vie with attractive free digital-terrestrial television services.
In Japan, each of the 50 digital channels of terrestrial television in the UHF band is split into 13 segments.
ECONOMIST: America is finally poised to get mobile television
Under existing rules anyone who controls more than 20% of the national newspaper market is prevented from controlling a terrestrial television licence.
The government's recommendations for revised "listed events" that are made available to watch for free on terrestrial television was published last November.
The process, which will eventually affect all TV viewers in the UK, involves the conversion of the country's terrestrial television system to digital.
In March Mario Monti's government announced it would sell a set of digital terrestrial television frequencies for as much money as it could raise.
Britain is currently the only country in the world to enable viewers to receive digital television through three different technologies: standard terrestrial television, cable and satellite.
Awareness of fashions and brands is still largely shaped by the nightly soap operas broadcast on terrestrial television and watched by an audience of tens of millions.
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SKA, however, would be able to detect the leakage into space from a standard terrestrial television transmitter at a range of half a dozen light years or so.
The 700MHz frequency band, currently used by digital terrestrial television, will be opened up to mobile services by 2018 as part of a global plan to harmonise frequencies for mobile users.
He has a passionate belief in the future of terrestrial digital television - strong enough to pitch himself against Rupert Murdoch and BSkyB with Ondigital.
Digital television in Britain terrestrial, cable and satellite together will offer around 50 channels.
There are sound reasons why long-distance telephone, television and Internet long ago moved from satellites to terrestrial microwave and then fiber optic.
Evidence shows that, rather than eroding the broadcasters' viewing figures still further, letting people watch television programmes on portable devices increases audiences for their terrestrial programming generally.
ECONOMIST: America is finally poised to get mobile television
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