Rather than the deterrent effect expected from IW (much as the Japanese planners of the surprise attack against Pearl Harbor had hoped), a reckless application of information operations could provoke massive retaliation.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Center for Security Policy | Chinese Information Warfare: A Phantom Menace or Emerging Threat? | Page: 14

The population of the United States has more than doubled since the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, but the number of licensed drinking establishments has shrunk by as much as two-thirds.

FORBES: Finding Sanctuary on Nine-Eleven

That tumultuous time between the invasion of Poland and the attack on Pearl Harbor gave rise to a conflict at home that pitted isolationists against interventionists.

NPR: Book Tells Of Fight Over Intervention

The two-hour Pearl Harbor: Legacy of Attack is set to air May 27 on National Geographic's newly launched cable channel and the same night on NBC.

FORBES: Pursuits | Found At Sea

But, according to an Army history, the Navy was still in shambles after the December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, and no ships were capable of bringing reinforcements.

CNN: 'Dying was easy: It's the living that's hard'