The economic effect of population decline will, in all probability, be severe, long-lasting, and evident soon.
The economic effect would therefore be more-or-less identical to eurozone governments borrowing collectively by issuing so-called eurobonds.
What would be the effect of the surtax on millionaires, the economic effect?
That means Apple could effectively lower the U.S. unemployment rate by a tenth of a percentage point, not counting the economic effect of adding those jobs back into the U.S. economy.
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The economic effect of such small raises, if the minimum wage is set close to the equilibrium point for low and unskilled workers, is not huge in itself, though it has ramifications for general wage levels, for bargaining over wages and benefits.
That makes sense since they are the two largest purchases consumers make, usually with most of the purchase price financed, significantly multiplying the economic effect of the cash down payment, while increased home construction and auto production results in significant new business for the long stream of suppliers to those industries.
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This would have the same economic effect as taxing the corporations themselves.
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One has to go no further than Britain to see why: look at the difference in economic effect between the devaluations of 1967 and 1992.
Yet even if they repealed the policy today, the beneficial economic effect would not be felt for years.
In other words, roughly half of the jobs created were indirect, a result of the economic multiplier effect from federal spending.
The vast majority are non-working or barely working actors, often employed as bartenders, baristas and personal trainers to the Hollywood community, vulnerable to the economic ripple effect of a strike.
But the governor of the Bank of England warns that was due to the one-time economic effect of the Summer Olympics being held in London, and the U.K. economy could be back in negative growth in the fourth quarter.
He believes that the shift from animism to centralized religion, and from an egalitarian to a hierarchical society, was the cause and not the effect of economic change.
One of the main considerations during the committee meetings has been the effect the economic crisis will have on the future of the cohesion policy.
This advice is at least every bit as flawed as that given in 1990 by then-General Powell to the previous President Bush to the effect that economic sanctions would compel Saddam Hussein to quit Kuwait.
Perhaps the most pernicious economic effect of a declining population will be on urbanization.
The view of another senior Treasury official, Under Secretary David Mulford, (expressed on the record at the London Economic Summit) to the effect that a currency stabilization fund for the Soviet Union would not be possible for at least 2-3 years a period of sufficient duration to permit structural reforms to precede ruble convertibility, will probably go by the boards within 6-9 months.
The view of another senior Treasury official, Under Secretary David Mulford, (expressed on the record at the London Economic Summit) to the effect that a currency stabilization fund for the Soviet Union would not be possible for at least 2-3 years -- a period of sufficient duration to permit structural reforms to precede ruble convertibility, will probably go by the boards within 6-9 months.
In the past, when evaluating tax proposals, neither the Congressional Budget Office nor the Joint Committee on Taxation were permitted to factor in the effect of economic growth on tax revenue.
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The euro zone would never stoop to the mea culpa offered by the IMF in its latest World Economic Outlook, which admits to underestimating badly the effect of austerity in reducing economic output.
On balance, CBO probably underestimates the negative effect on future economic growth from the wild spending sprees of federal, state and local governments in America.
It said revenues were down 14.7%, citing the "challenging economic environment" and the effect of the Olympic Games coverage on the advertising market for the drop.
The bigger problem, though, is the effect of fast economic growth coupled with a fixed exchange rate.
The hearings covered a variety of issues, from the economic impact of illegal immigration to the effect it has on national parks.
For these reasons, the ability of the Solidarity-led faction in the government to effect the sorts of wholesale economic and further political reforms the Polish situation necessitates is, at best, unclear.
But it would again be the effect of changing social demographics, rather than an economic effect, discrediting simple comparisons of changing household incomes over the years.
Ironically, economic empowerment has had the opposite effect, giving Beijing a means to project economic, political and military influence well beyond Asia.
The 2008 Benetti yacht Alibella is a high-profile example of the effect the international economic climate.
The changing income pattern is not reflecting economic effects, but the effect of the demographic change of more lower income earning single households replacing higher income earning married households.
Optimism about the effect of economic reforms in the Soviet Union is, therefore, unwarranted.
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