The learners follow the same curriculum of the formal system.
The bottom line: There are significant problems with the distribution of food through the formal system to be sure, but most Soviet citizens are able to meet their needs through informal or black market means.
Because the literacy programme provides an alternative and accelerated route back into the formal education system, the methodologies and approaches used are designed to equip learners with the skills they need to succeed at higher learning levels.
There is no summative exam, but learners are given the option to have their learning certified, allowing them to move into the formal educational system from sixth grade of primary level onwards after completion of the programme.
Many members of X and Y also don't trust the formal political system to get much done.
Sharia never entrusted its enforcement only to the formal legal system.
In most cases, youths and adults with limited basic literacy skills find it difficult to re-enroll in the formal education system due to family commitments and the fear of being stigmatized.
Around 100 have graduated into the formal education system, and many of the rest have learned enough to decipher the English instructions on packets of veterinary drugs, and to haggle more competently with livestock traders.
ECONOMIST: Why the Masai send their slower children to school
The integration of the two systems has enabled learners from the non-formal sector to eventually rejoin and gain qualifications that are administered and sanctioned by the State just like as it is for learners following the formal education system.
Given that not all students can participate for thirty hours each week due to having part-time jobs or family responsibilities, the flexibility at CECAP appeals to students who were unable to cope with the strict nature of the formal education system.
For mobile network operators, financial institutions, platform providers and technology developers, mobile money became a powerhouse of profitability, showing that there is good business in lifting the poor out of poverty and connecting the unbanked to the formal financial system a case that non-profit organizations have been making all along.
Mayangna representatives particularly emphasized the need for support to integrate the book into the Mayangna formal education system.
Young children have been helped to acquire basic literacy skills before being enrolled into the formal primary school system while, on the other hand, youths and adults have benefitted from basic literacy and vocational skills training.
So the health system for formal-sector workers continues to be short-changed.
ECONOMIST: Working in the official economy has its drawbacks
Other possible reasons for under-recording suggested by the ONS include more low-level crimes being dealt with informally and outside the formal crime-recording system, with officers given greater discretion.
BBC: Fall in crime in England and Wales 'may be exaggerated'
Research shows that one of the highest risk times for violence in people who develop a psychotic illness is their first episode -- the period right before they establish any record with the formal mental health care system.
The traditional system of emphasising investment in formal education at the expense of adult literacy and education programmes has, however, worsened the situation.
By 1998, the Mexicans had had enough, and brought a formal complaint under the NAFTA dispute settlement system, and in 2001, prevailed with a unanimous panel decision that found the United States in violation of the agreement, and ruled that Mexican trucks meeting U.S. safety standards had to be given access to the U.S. market.
FORBES: Mexico Is Right To Retaliate Over U.S. Ban On Mexican Trucks
If the next presidency is to show true seriousness on reducing inequality as it has developed in recent generations in this country, a formal reform of the monetary system in the direction of permanent dollar stability will be required.
In Oaxaca, the state government hopes to pass legislation in the coming legislative term (ie, the next six months) to launch a five-year reform process leading to the formal installation of a new legal system.
During the past twenty years, the Nicaraguan education system has taken important strides towards ensuring that formal education accommodates the unique needs of indigenous children through its new curriculum which allows for locally appropriate adjustments and additions to be made.
However, the massive growth projected for these innovations so far takes place outside the formal banking sector, in informal, unregulated networks and outside of the banking system.
FORBES: What Is The Next Banking Crisis? (Hint: It Cannot Be Solved With Money)
The system will combine what are called formal argumentation techniques with Natural Language Generation (NLG), which essentially converts complex information and data into text summaries.
If there is no clean line dividing the criminals from the warlords, it no longer makes sense to choose between investments in the justice system, in democracy or in formal diplomacy.
FORBES: In Defense of Political Economy: new ideas on development from the World Bank
However, Asian countries like China or Japan, where formal contract law is vague and the judicial system somewhat unreliable, have also been very successful, as long as they have the Magic Formula.
FORBES: How Do Countries Grow Rich? It's Much Easier Than You Think
Some say that a formal debt-restructuring system will raise the cost of borrowing and frighten skittish markets.
It lays the foundations for a national system of recognition, validation and certification for the competencies that adults have acquired through formal, non-formal and informal channels.
When the company eliminated formal reviews in the 1990s, it didn't replace them with another clear-cut feedback system.
One popular idea for minimising such instability is a more formal system of currency co-operation between the world's major economies.
Laser event reports have increased steadily since 2005, when the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) created a formal reporting system to collect information from pilots.
应用推荐