In 1897, U.S. Secretary of State John Sherman invoked scholarly works to explain to the Government of Japan why the treaties made by theKingdomofHawaii would not survive the U.S. treaty of annexation ofthe Kingdom's territory, i.e.
The U.S. government has acted in accordance with that view in connection with the extinction oftheKingdomofHawaii in 1898, the dissolution ofthe Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I, and the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1992.
The United States has officially expressed its view that upon the extinction of a State, its bilateral political treaties automatically lapse, and has acted in accordance with that view in connection with the extinction oftheKingdomofHawaii in 1898, the dissolution ofthe Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I, and the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1992.
Astronomers using the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) in Hawaii discovered the four star pairs, each of which is a binary system in which two stars circle each other in less than four hours.