The researchers took brain scans of 40 volunteers to measure the size of the prefrontal cortex.
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All these are examples of a critter brain that has hijacked the prefrontal cortex.
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Most significantly of all, it shrinks the volume of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus.
Take the prefrontal cortex, an area that plays a key role in levelheaded decision making and long-term goals.
Repeated administration of Yokukansan inhibits DOI-induced head-twitch response and decreases expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A receptors in the prefrontal cortex.
Stress also causes the release of chemicals that impair the function of the prefrontal cortex, home of higher level thinking.
Some "control" parts of the prefrontal cortex shut down, deactivated, during improvisation but not when the musicians played a memorized score.
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The prefrontal cortex enables us to plan, to innovate, to solve complex problems, to think abstract thoughts, to have visionary ideas.
In particular, the prefrontal cortex reaches out to guide other parts of the brain, including the parts that govern motivation and emotion.
Alcohol handicaps the prefrontal cortex, our reasoning command and control center that would normally constrain someone from lashing out against another person.
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The prefrontal cortex has enabled us to have a number of advanced behaviors, including social behavior, tool making, language, and higher-level consciousness.
The prefrontal cortex, that's the last area of the brain to develop.
"It temporarily impairs the prefrontal cortex, the smarty-pants part of the brain that allows you to think clearly and rein inimpulsivity, " Peeke says.
Instead, a region called the parietal lobes, also part of the prefrontal cortex and usually associated with arithmetic performance - was brought into play.
Murderers, for instance, tend to have poorer functioning in the prefrontal cortex the "guardian angel" that keeps the brakes on impulsive, disinhibited behavior and volatile emotions.
This part of the brain is most evolved in human beings, and the area of it we are most concerned with is the prefrontal cortex.
More recent research suggests that the same thing happens in the brain region called the prefrontal cortex, which is crucial for decision-making and attention, he said.
The scientists used an EEG (electroencephalogram) to measure electrical activity in an area of the brain called the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in judgment and motivation.
It's as true to say that our experience of controlling our impulses make the prefrontal cortex develop as it is to say that prefrontal development makes us better at controlling our impulses.
The very talented author of these articles (full disclosure, a friend) is also on this Web-stored NPR show, hinting at his future pieces concerning electronic life and the development of the prefrontal cortex.
Once they had shown that the habit was fully ingrained, the researchers wanted to see if they could break it by interfering with a part of the prefrontal cortex known as the infralimbic (IL) cortex.
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Scanning their brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the scientists found that a region involved in language processing - the temporal lobe, part of the prefrontal cortex - was activated during verbal learning in rested patients.
For the most part, the regions are in the frontal cortex the overhang of brain behind the eyes and include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate, and the right and left inferior frontal gyri.
By measuring relative degrees of activation in the parietal lobe, an area involved in integrating visual images, and in the prefrontal cortex, where decision making takes place, Berns says, he could determine that the group changed what the reporter perceived.
Studies like this one conducted in Tokyo suggest that prolonged gum chewing activates part of the brain (the ventral part of the prefrontal cortex) that in turns sets off a cascade of effects resulting in fewer feelings of depression.
One of the reasons for this, as demonstrated in a recent paper by researchers at Yale medical school, is that when a person experiences extreme stress, or just goes through the normal process of aging, the prefrontal cortex accumulates cyclic-AMP.
" And that both of these features are well predicted by the volume of gray matter in two specific regions of the prefrontal cortex, regions that are known to be important in "decoupling the perspectives of other people from one's own.
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Liars, it turned out, had 14% less gray matter than the controls but had 22-26% more white matter in the prefrontal cortex, suggesting that they were more likely to make connections between different memories and ideas as increased connectivity means greater access to the reserve of associations and memories stored in gray matter.
The prefrontal cortex is the most peculiarly enlarged part of the brain in human beings, but whereas the part near the top of the head generally seems to be involved in conventional intelligence, the "orbital" region tends to handle the processing of social information that is, assessing the moods and personalities of other people.
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The results suggest that these emotions are handled in the medial prefrontal cortex (the middle of the front of the frontal lobe), the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (one of the furrows towards the side of the brain) and the visual cortex (towards the back of the brain).
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