So if a genuine reflation requires the yen's depreciation, the psychological effect on regional currencies should be relatively muted.
Republicans argue that even though the bulk of Bush's tax cut won't be felt for years, the entire package would have an immediate, positive psychological effect on the markets and consumers -- if Congress passes it.
And that's without even considering the possible placebo effect, the idea that the psychological boost of believing in the bands can improve performance.
Announcement of bail-out plans helped ease things, but the effect was purely psychological.
Negative headlines could have a psychological effect on the directors, says Nell Minow, the director of The Corporate Library, which tracks governance trends.
"The U.S. was hit on its own territory, and furthermore, the impact was done by civilian aircraft, which most probably will create a psychological effect that is much bigger than the Gulf War, " said Jean-Claude Baumgarten, CEO of the World Travel and Tourism Council.
During the 17-plus-months of their virtual voyage, the crew took part in various studies to assess the effect their isolation was having on their psychological and physiological well being.
Some of these measures are in my view security-theater, with little real effect other than the psychological factor and appearance of invincibility of our airport checkpoints.
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To find out whether they were caused by a psychological effect related to the number of perceived competitors, or were merely a consequence of the greater distraction produced by crowding more people together, Dr Garcia and Dr Tor conducted an experiment.
The success of one terrorist organization has a psychological domino effect because it excites and encourages other terrorist organizations.
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They asked participants to report on their own psychological health during that time to estimate the "green space effect".
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Such acts are difficult for the authorities to prevent, and images of them can have a powerful psychological effect among sympathisers.
Psoriasis is rarely fatal, but the psychological damage people can suffer because of the disfigurement can have a devastating effect on their lives.
Our research, which will appear in the Academy of Management Journal, suggests that simple, psychological interventions can have a potent effect, perhaps as potent as costly compliance initiatives.
Such a notion could not produce a strong effect had the writer not prepared the reader with lucid, logical and vivid prose that conveys psychological truth.
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