Many Iraqi soldiers, especially those in the regular army, didn't fight at all, surrendering or running away.
Fortunately for him, his 120, 000-strong internal security force is bigger and better equipped than the regular army.
This reform mandates the creation of a militia parallel to the regular army.
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That would please the regular army, and would be an astute political move.
The men, many of whom were unable to join the regular Army, played a vital role in guarding vulnerable installations.
Mr Daly details the Sudanese government's savage response: its deployment of janjaweed militiamen with the regular army to slaughter civilians.
The biggest Russian forces outside the regular army are the interior-ministry troops, numbering about 250, 000, and about 200, 000 border guards.
In 2011, a further reduction of 12, 000 was identified for the regular Army, as the government seeks to put greater emphasis on military reserves.
As the armed forces split, that could mean using the Republican Guard and special forces against the regular army and the protesters.
The government's plan to double the size of Britain's reserve forces while cutting the regular army has been criticised by several Tory MPs.
Pte Hetherington, 25, who was born in the US but grew up in Scotland, had only been in the regular Army for five months.
Many have guns and are prepared to use them perhaps 10, 000 people in a country where the regular army is only a little larger than that.
Not only have the special forces got more work to do, but the pool of potential recruits in the regular army has been drying up.
But the guard will strongly resist any changes to its structure that would compromise its ability to join the regular army on overseas combat missions.
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Mr Hammond wants to double the size of the Territorial Army from 15, 000 to 30, 000 while the regular Army's strength is cut by 20, 000 to 82, 000.
In fact, he had a defense consisting of at least five layers: the regular army, the Republican Guard, the Fedayeen, the secret police, and the insurgents.
"There are certain niche capabilities that we have with the Territorial Army that the regular army will draw upon when they feel the need, " he added.
The BBC's Helen Vesperini says that some of the rebel demands - such as the return to barracks by the regular army - will be unacceptable to government negotiators.
The 400 Talmud students whom Ben-Gurion exempted from army service have grown to 110, 000 able-bodied haredi men who have served neither in the regular army nor in the reserves.
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Their replacement with loyalists from the Revolutionary Guard, the ideologically zealous parallel to the regular army that also controls the baseej, has raised alarm even among conservatives of creeping militarisation.
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Tripoli's government is also holding talks with two militia groups - the Rafallah al-Sahati Brigade and the February 17 Brigade - on the possibility of joining the regular army, Al-Akkari said.
In Lebanon the regular army keeps keen guard at every exit from the country's 12 refugee camps, just in case someone with a gun might think of sneaking to the Israeli border.
The assassination of the democratically elected Hutu president, Melchior Ndadaye, in 1993, sparked off the war between mostly Hutu rebel movements and the regular army, which is dominated by the Tutsi minority.
After years in the bush, the rebels are sick of fighting, horribly malnourished and surrendering in their thousands in the hope of a few bowls of maize porridge and a pay packet in the regular army.
Recently, however, fears have grown that these Sunni vigilantes, many of them former insurgents, could turn again on the Shia-led government, unless Mr Maliki agrees to give them more arms and money and encourages their induction into the regular army or police.
He joined the TA 16 years ago after serving in the regular Army with the Coldstream Guards and Household Division from the age of 15, retiring as a senior drum major who led parades at prestigious events such as the Trooping of the Colour.
Dr Fox revealed that the regular army, which had escaped relatively unscathed with a reduction of only 7, 000 by 2015 (the year after it should cease combat operations in Afghanistan), would be cut by a further 5, 000 in 2015, and by 20% (from 101, 000 to 82, 000) by 2020.
As well as the ruthless interior-ministry troops that are Mr Milosevic's weapon of choice, the attackers included the regular Yugoslav army and armed Serb civilians.
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