Earlier this year Mr Mbeki dismissed the Transparency International corruption rankings for being based on mere perceptions.
But in some respects, corruption may be unavoidable because of the very natures of the sector, as the Transparency International report acknowledges.
Lack of freedom, seeming to be slightly independent of corruption as gauged by the Transparency International Corruption Perception index, improved in 2012.
In 2012 the watchdog Transparency International named Greece as the most corrupt country in the European Union.
The corruption watchdog Transparency International has put Equatorial Guinea in the top 12 of its list of most corrupt states.
In April, watchdog group Transparency International concluded in a report that revenue transparency for the international oil business is possible but not yet a common practice.
What is interesting is that those resource companies score very well on the tests: this is in part because the agitation by Transparency International in recent years has been quite successful in getting them to sign up to reveal the information.
The corruption watchdog Transparency International cut its ties with FIFA in 2011 when two of its recommendations -- that the investigator charged with overseeing FIFA would be compromised if he was paid by FIFA and that he should be allowed to investigate old corruption scandals -- were dropped.
Let's look at the U.S. Over the past few years, traditional measures of corruption, such as the Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International, have placed the U.S. among the least corrupt nations in the world, currently ranking No. 18 among 180 rated countries.
It is just this sort of argument that sends Peter Eigen, the founder of Transparency International, an anti-corruption pressure group based in Berlin, into paroxysms of high-minded rage.
"While no country scored a perfect score, the majority of countries scored below 50, indicating a serious corruption problem, " said Huguette Labelle, the chair of Transparency International, in a news release.
But in the rankings index of Transparency International, a Berlin-based lobby, African countries are generally perceived as being the most corrupt.
The Sri Lankan branch of the anti-corruption group Transparency International reviewed Sri Lanka's record on the fifth anniversary of the tsunami.
The video describes the potential effects of raising the level of transparency in international aid.
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It went to Luis Bates, who previously ran the local branch of Transparency International, an anti-corruption watchdog.
In the same year, he was ranked eighth most-corrupt official in the world by the watchdog group, Transparency International.
Or at least the test set by Transparency International about corporate transparency.
The corruption rankings of Transparency International, a Berlin-based lobby group, put Turkey behind South Africa and on a par with Cuba.
In the four years since Transparency International was founded (mostly by ex-World Bank officials), some 70 local chapters have opened, several in Asia.
To be effective, however, this agency needs clearer powers, says David Fleischer, who heads the Brazilian chapter of Transparency International, an anti-corruption group.
Corruption is still a way of life in Russia, though if the latest rankings by Transparency International, based in London and Berlin, are to be believed, things have gotten a lot better.
Judging by the most recent scorecard issued by Transparency International, an independent watchdog based in Berlin, the Poles are less corrupt than the Czechs and Latvians but more than the Hungarians, Estonians, Lithuanians, Slovenes and even Belarussians.
The Aliyev government is especially infamous for corruption, and Transparency International rates it as one of the most corrupt governments in the world.
In China the capital markets demand an extra 1, 316 basis points to compensate for the additional risk that international investors attribute to the lack of transparency and other governance issues.
Azerbaijan also gets a poor rating in the corruption index compiled by Transparency International.
Russia is ranked as the most corrupt of the big emerging markets by Transparency International.
Corruption has risen sharply too, with Iran now placed in the top 25 percent by Transparency International.
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Out of the big four emerging markets, Russia ranks as the most corrupt according to Transparency International.
The anti-corruption group Transparency International puts out an annual Corruption Perception Index.
Transparency International ranks the nation 95 in a list of 180 countries in its Corruption Perception Index, worse than several other emerging Asian rivals like China and Malaysia.
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