Doctors in 2005 operated again on Clinton to remove scar tissue and fluid that had built up after his bypass surgery.

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To confirm or rule it out, a further test is offered - either amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, both of which use a fine needle to take tissue or fluid from inside the womb.

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Professor Holtzman said the result implied that apoE and clusterin worked together to suppress plaque formation by clearing amyloid protein from the brain tissue and surrounding fluid.

BBC: NEWS | Health | Proteins 'hold Alzheimer's key'

The expected course of ovarian cysts varies with a woman's age, the size of the cyst, whether there is a family history of ovarian cysts, and whether the cyst is fluid-filled, appears to be a solid mass of tissue, or has both fluid and solid components.

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The mice who lacked apoE and clusterin showed signs of higher levels of amyloid protein not only in their brain tissue, also in the fluid surrounding individual brain cells and the fluid surrounding the entire brain.

BBC: NEWS | Health | Proteins 'hold Alzheimer's key'

Using small instruments under an operating microscope, your surgeon creates an opening in the sclera the white of your eye and removes a small piece of eye tissue at the base of your cornea through which fluid drains from your eye (the trabecular meshwork).

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The early diuretics replaced a brutal way to eliminate excess fluid through the use of tubes that were placed below the skin of swollen, edematous tissue to relieve the pressure.

FORBES: Medicine's Drip of Uncertainty