But a new EU-wide directive that could comeinto force at the end of this year will give regulators the powerto impose penalties of up to 2% of a multinational's global annual turnover.
So, it's okay to burn two units of natural gas in Qatar to make one appear in Texas, or to put 5 BTUs of coal into a power plant and have only 2 BTUs of electricity come out the other end.
First, it does not always work: the Kremlin has come badly unstuck several times when it has stepped into regional elections, only to find itself outmanoeuvred by local power-brokers.
Barring last-minute problems with ratification in some member nations, the new Lisbon treaty is expected tocomeinto force around the end of this year, triggering big and unpredictable shifts in the institutional balance of power in Europe.