Using traditional knowledge and ritual practices, the shamans heal, prevent sickness and revitalize nature.
The report recommends the creation of an ad hoc working group on science and traditional knowledge.
Although the demarcation between science and pseudo-science is difficult, they note, the demarcation between pseudo-science and traditional knowledge is fairly straightforward.
Published in March of this year, the report makes a number of recommendations for strengthening ties between modern science and traditional knowledge.
The first part of the report examines the nature of traditional knowledge and the triangular relationship between science, traditional knowledge and pseudo-science.
The NIF documents ideas, innovations and traditional knowledge practices from all over India in a central network and converts them into value-added technologies.
Traditional knowledge, they affirm, 'has typically originated quite independently of science in a particular cultural setting, mostly also quite independently of Western culture'.
The use of natural resources within the Kayas is regulated by traditional knowledge and practices that have contributed to the conservation of their biodiversity.
Traditional knowledge for climate change assessment and adaptation (pdf, en anglais).
This unique resource draws attention to a rapidly growing scientific literature on the contribution of indigenous and traditional knowledge to understanding climate change vulnerability, resilience and adaptation.
The publication includes nine papers explore the various aspects of local and traditional knowledge and its relation to nature conservation, land management and natural resource management, and industry.
The report was commissioned by ICSU's General Assembly in September 1999 to make a 'critical study' of the paragraphs in the Declaration and Science Agenda referring to traditional knowledge systems.
It does however remark that, to be fully effective, science curricula need to interact properly with local experiences and systems of traditional knowledge, particularly in the biological and environmental sciences.
Participants shared their knowledge and experience to highlight the contribution community-level observations and traditional knowledge can make in the design of tools to adapt to climate change at both national and global levels.
The philosophy, ritualistic background, culture and traditional knowledge of sailing in the Persian Gulf are gradually fading, although some of the associated ceremonies continue to be practised in a few places.
The book and the documentary are products of the Vessels of Brazil Project, which has been conducting careful research work for over 10 years about artisanal boat-building traditional knowledge in Brazil.
As a first step, the Study Group recommends that ICSU actively promote cooperation between traditional knowledge and science at the United Nations World Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg (South Africa) in August 2002.
The traditional knowledge surrounding Lenjes includes oral literature, performing arts and festivals, in addition to the sailing and navigation techniques and terminology and weather forecasting that are closely associated with sailing, and the skills of wooden boat-building itself.
Thus, recognising that family wellbeing and development directly correlates with the educational standards of women, PEPE initiated the Alternative Community Education Programme (ACEP) in an effort to combat illiteracy using traditional knowledge systems as the principal basis of learning.
The Philippines sought danger listing as a way to raise national and international support and cooperation in the preservation of these remote high rice fields maintained thanks to the transmission of traditional knowledge from one generation to the next.
In this context, inclusiveness means creative inclusive policy integrating the vision of people in science, including traditional knowledge systems in scientific processes while participation refers to creating opportunities for people to be involved in science and to participate in decision making in science.
The panel on Indigenous Knowledge noted the expanding recognition of indigenous and traditional knowledge as an essential building block for global sustainability in numerous domains such as biodiversity conservation and management, food security, natural disaster preparedness, climate change assessment and adaptation, amongst others.
These include recommendations that ICSU support societies that are keepers and developers of traditional knowledge, that it foster training which equips young scientists and indigenous people to carry out research on traditional knowledge and that it organize an international symposium on science and traditional knowledge.
This conference is another important step initiated by the International Centre on Qanats and Historic Hydraulic Structures (ICQHS) - a category 2 centre under the auspices of UNESCO - to collect and document traditional knowledge available on water resources management from around the globe while providing a forum for presenting new views on the topic.
They include major centres of biodiversity, often coinciding with centres of cultural diversity where traditional ecological knowledge is maintained.
In 1996 traditional coastal resource knowledge in Tokelau was documented in the local language.
Teaching in the vernacular, education for work, education for changing social and economic conditions, elitist education or mass education, melding traditional and modern knowledge systems are all located within the relevance debate.
Li women design the textile patterns using only their imagination and knowledge of traditional styles.
Everybody may carve wooden masks and knowledge of traditional craftsmanship is usually passed on within the family or taught in special courses.
The recommendations include the development on an online register of people with the knowledge of traditional crafts, and suggest that an effort should be made to employ them.
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