The Dove Campaign for Real Beauty highlighted the practice in its groundbreaking viral video, Evolution, which showed the transformation of a woman into a model with rounds of makeup, grooming and a bit of digital cheek shaving.

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"It's a stunning transformation of public education, given that there was nothing there to begin with that could provide a model, " says Jeanne Allen, president of the Center for Education Reform in Washington, D.

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Richard Hamilton of Columbia University had previously realised the usefulness of this heat-flow model but became unstuck when he found that, under this transformation, the object may stretch out to form singularities spikes that could not be easily manipulated into a sphere.

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In the process, a model can emerge that other Arab societies may look to and emulate for their own transformation and that of the entire region.

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