When and how to move beyond these to the inevitable management of ever-larger datasets with ever-improving technology is best done by trial-and-error and reinforcement of demonstrated successes.

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Today we can alter just a few genes to produce a more-desirable plant, rather than doing it by trial-and-error over many generations.

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The TX-NR807 also includes Onkyo's new Bi-Directional Preprogrammed RI Remote Control which will impress anyone who has ever been frustrated by the trial-and-error manual data inputs and paper listings usually needed to program associated TV's, disc players, cable boxes, and other components.

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Ultimately, bottom-up, sustainable liberalisation will have to rely largely on the unilateral action of governments, trying, by trial-and-error, to put their houses in order.

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Medicine, which is mainly the act of mending such processes, was until recently a glorious form of trial-and-error, augmented by a web of probabilistic models that output the creation of treatments.

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Animals, too, have been genetically engineered, mostly by laborious and imprecise trial-and-error breeding techniques.

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This way of developing new products by trial and error makes the fund-management business unique among big industries.

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When researching antibiotics, candidate substances are identified either by computer modeling or good old-fashioned trial and error in the lab.

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Then he learned, by trial and error, that he was best suited to connect the quirks of individual psychology with big-picture social dynamics.

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