The scientists found that a cell-signaling protein, or cytokine, known as a hippocampal TNF (tumor necrosis factor) played a limited role.

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Enbrel works by blocking a long-mysterious protein in the immune system known as tumor necrosis factor, or TNF.

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The flavonoids inhibited the secretion of various inflammatory cells called cytokines in H5N1-infected cells, but had no effect on noninfected cells or tumor necrosis factor, a key inflammatory protein.

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