The strategy bypasses the National Labour Relations Board, which usually oversees the unionisation of workers.
In some areas with large concentrations of such firms, unionisation is even more widespread.
The growing unionisation of cleaners reflects the corporate consolidation that has taken place in the industry.
And in some European countries Spain, Finland and Sweden unionisation and coverage of collective-bargaining arrangements both increased.
ECONOMIST: The world is not converging on a single kind of capitalism
America, Britain, Japan, New Zealand and Australia all saw declines in unionisation and collective bargaining.
ECONOMIST: The world is not converging on a single kind of capitalism
It is also possible, given the wording of the new labour law, that resisting unionisation is illegal.
France, Germany and the Netherlands, for instance, all had falling unionisation but rising coverage of collective-bargaining arrangements.
ECONOMIST: The world is not converging on a single kind of capitalism
They want to get rid of secret ballots in decisions about unionisation.
It is perfectly feasible for European governments to retain their less flexible arrangements (high levels of unionisation, extensive collective bargaining, various employment-protection laws).
ECONOMIST: The world is not converging on a single kind of capitalism
Student teachers in public universities such as the University of Wisconsin-Madison formed unions as early as the 1960s, but the pace of unionisation has increased recently.
Microsoft is said to be resisting a unionisation drive and, coincidentally or not, has begun to receive critical coverage in the press about its treatment of workers.
Another consequence of unionisation is that representatives of the workers must be included among the senior executives determining corporate strategy and the terms and conditions of employment.
Nor is it clear whether they can feasibly avoid unionisation.
One reason, he says, is that wages have fallen in real terms - in part the result of the decline of the manufacturing industry and lowering unionisation of the workplace.
It now seems natural to recall statistics, commonly overlooked last week, that show the limits to trade-union power: notably that unionisation has declined from 28% to 14% of the workforce in the past three decades.
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