They can cause long-lasting radiation storms in our planet's upper atmosphere and trigger radio blackouts.
Some amount, certainly, has left the planet through dissociation in the upper atmosphere.
And with the aid of thrusters and some dead-reckoning, the entry capsule will fly a path through the upper atmosphere.
BBC: Mars Curiosity rover success depends on 'crazy' landing
As those rays interact with the upper atmosphere, the effect would be to create an immense burst of electromagnetic energy.
One of these satellites, Aura, does already look at carbon dioxide, but its measurements are confined to the upper atmosphere.
The US space agency says the risk to life from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) is 1 in 3, 200.
Current experiments, which were launched in September, include looking for microbes in the upper atmosphere, detecting cosmic rays, and looking for Cherenkov radiation.
FORBES: Attention Budding Scientists: NASA is Looking For Student Experiments
The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) is the largest American space agency satellite to return uncontrolled into the atmosphere in about 30 years.
When Brandt showcases an image of a man hanging off the bottom of an airplane speeding through the upper atmosphere, he wants people to question its reality.
The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager instrument on Image is capturing the first global images of the plasmasphere, a tenuous extension of the Earth's electrically charged upper atmosphere, or ionosphere.
The scientific explanation - streams of charged particles from sun storms interacting with electrons in nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the earth's upper atmosphere - does little to demystify the experience.
The Northern Lights happen when incoming solar radiation hits the earth's upper atmosphere and excites atoms to a new energy state, emitting colours which is energy in the form of light.
Theory predicts that when cosmic rays (fast particles coming from outer space) collide with air molecules in the upper atmosphere, they should yield twice as many muon neutrinos as electron neutrinos.
It involves pumping sulphur dioxide into the upper atmosphere.
TC4 project will generate new data on the icy cirrus clouds that are formed in the upper atmosphere by heat-driven, or convective, storm systems that coalesce over warm waters in the tropics.
The cloud characteristics included differences in the ease with which moist air in the tropics travels into the upper atmosphere, the speed with which raindrops fatten and the level of humidity required for clouds to form.
While the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere plays an important role in limiting harmful ultraviolet light reaching the Earth's surface, low-level ozone is a pollutant that is harmful, causing respiratory problems in animals as well as well-documented cases in humans.
And the hot plasma can also heat up and expand the upper layers of the atmosphere, causing satellites in low orbits to encounter more air resistance and lose altitude.
The gale blowing in off the Indian Ocean continued to howl around the upper reaches of the brand-new Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, but the crowd created a party atmosphere in the second half.
应用推荐