He went to a urologist, who ruled out any bladder or urinary tract problems.

FORBES: By the Numbers

Cranberry juice is said to alleviate cystitis, a stinging inflammation of the bladder usually caused by a urinary tract infection (UTI).

BBC: Cranberry juice 'not effective' against cystitis

Without her bladder functioning properly, she could get urinary sepsis that could damage the organs and end in renal failure.

CNN: Iraq's Baby Noor: An unfinished miracle

Modern surgical techniques may allow a replacement bladder to be fashioned in some patients, giving back a degree of urinary control, and doctors are constantly improving these.

BBC: Bladder cancer