The Uruguay round brought both of these under the same trade rules as other goods.
They are better prepared for the millennium round than they were for the Uruguay round.
Rich countries cut their tariffs by less in the Uruguay round than poor ones did.
Many had little understanding of what they had signed up to in the Uruguay round.
The quotas will end by 2005, under agreements made in the Uruguay Round of global trade talks.
They are already committed under the Uruguay round to allow textiles to come in freely by 2005.
Efforts to launch a round failed in 1982, and the Uruguay round, launched in 1986, broke down repeatedly.
The ministerial meeting of 1982 failed and the later Uruguay round of talks nearly collapsed, before being successfully concluded.
The previous talks, known as the Uruguay round, went through lots of brinkmanship and delays before they were completed.
No global trade round has stuck to its original schedule the Uruguay round launched in 1986 took almost eight years.
In the Uruguay round, pushed by America, countries agreed to cut and set ceilings on their trade-distorting agricultural subsidies.
Dubious computations also helped to usher the Uruguay round of global trade talks to a belated conclusion in 1994.
But they will prove difficult: squabbles over agriculture almost sank the Uruguay round.
But the administration still has authority to complete talks it began under the so-called Uruguay Round of global trade talks.
They are already committed to dealing with some of the unfinished business of the Uruguay round, mainly agriculture and services.
Although developing countries agreed to make deep tariff cuts in the Uruguay round, that is a gain not a loss.
Since the end of the Uruguay round, agreements have been reached on trade in telecommunications, financial services and information technology.
And for good reason: the last important set of trade talks the Uruguay Round that wound up in 1994 had the same goal.
ECONOMIST: This year is too soon for a new round of global trade talks
The current rules were laid down in three separate Uruguay round agreements.
EU's unwillingness to negotiate on agriculture, developing countries are still digesting the Uruguay round agreement, which they feel gave them a raw deal.
But they are already committed to negotiate on unfinished business from the previous Uruguay round of trade talks, notably on farming and services.
In particular, it must persuade poor countries, which felt short-changed by the previous Uruguay round, that a Doha deal will be good for them.
Yet in 1992, the president of the European Commission, Jacques Delors, almost scuppered the Uruguay round of world trade talks rather than cut farm spending.
The Uruguay round took eight years rather than the planned three.
The poor countries showed themselves resentful at the problems they have faced in implementing the Uruguay round agreements, and this time they drove a much tougher bargain.
It points out that the same ideas were rejected during negotiations in Congress on the terms of America's participation in trade agreements forged by the Uruguay round.
But the tight and rigid timetable for Doha was designed to avoid a repetition of the Uruguay round, which overran by three years and still involved eleventh-hour horse-trading.
Many poor countries felt they got a raw deal from the earlier Uruguay round and were not convinced that they had much to gain from a new round.
They seem sure to be bigger winners this time than in the Uruguay round, since agriculture and textiles (which between them make up 70% of exports from the poorest countries) loom so large.
All of that, plus liberalising textiles and limiting anti-dumping abuse, would do much to help poorer countries, who feel, with some justice, that they got a raw deal out of the Uruguay round.
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