With this sort of contract, the owner of a big, highly appreciated stock position gets an upfront payment from an investment firm--typically for 75% to 85% of the value of his shares--in exchange for agreeing to deliver a variable number of shares or cash in the future, with the exact amount dependent on how the stock performs.
Investors who have bought in cheap--one Philly source says the stock exchange has doubled in value since last year--could be hoping to sell.
The PVF allows the investor to receive an up-front payment (typically, 75-85% market value) in exchange for delivery of a variable amount of shares or cash in the future, at which time the capital gain is realized for tax purposes and the tax on the capital gain is paid.
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They also bolster equity values and, by encouraging international capital to look elsewhere, reduce the value of the dollar in foreign-exchange markets.
This is the value of an exchange-rate peg in an economy such as Hong Kong's: adjustment to external shocks takes place through changes to domestic prices, rather than through exchange-rate levels.
The company evaluated the performance of eight reward-based crowdfunding platforms (where a donor receives a reward of value in exchange for a cash contribution) and six investment-based platforms (where investors receive equity or interest on their investment).
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Truth be told, I love them too and I own value stocks in my retirement account via exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and DFA funds.
The dollar surged in value against the kyat and the foreign-exchange certificates.
"Money has a value way beyond the simple amount it is worth in exchange - it has an almost mythic or religious quality, " says Doty.
The WSJ Dollar Index is an attempt to improve on existing indexes by basing its value on actual, up-to-date turnover by all participants in the foreign-exchange market.
In some countries that had exchange-rate appreciations exports moved up the value chain: this also helped.
The New York Stock Exchange-listed company has lost about 40% of its value in the past two days.
Worse, in the networked economy that we live in, a substantial part of a product's value derives from compatibility--the ability to seamlessly exchange data with others using the same system.
As in other global exchanges, high-frequency trading has grown in importance and now constitutes 40% of the value of all trades on the Tokyo market, according to exchange figures, up from 20% in mid-2010.
It is also uncertain that the technologies ostensibly to be "flowed-back" to the United States in exchange for the F-16 technical data, etc. will be of comparable value to the U.S. defense industry as will, for example, insights provided to the Japanese into U.S. sophisticated design and manufacturing techniques.
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"We think there may be a possibility for a compromise in exchange for some value, and the Liberty side can be persuaded to give up their super-voting rights, " said Sanford C.
Thursday's trading appeared to continue a pattern of unusual moves over the past week between the stock and foreign-exchange markets, where a fall in Japanese share prices seemed to be driving down the value of the dollar against the yen.
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