To succeed in this new environment, marketers need to move away from one-way communication and towards a true value exchange, where consumers interact with the brand continuously because they are getting more than just a slogan, but an experience that transcends the product itself.
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All these ventures have to focus on the needs of their customers to provide a fair value in exchange for their products and services.
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Mr Raja is accused of selling mobile phone licenses to firms at a fraction of their real value in exchange for bribes in 2008.
The company evaluated the performance of eight reward-based crowdfunding platforms (where a donor receives a reward of value in exchange for a cash contribution) and six investment-based platforms (where investors receive equity or interest on their investment).
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Last year, food prices also increased exceptionally rapidly by recent standards, and the foreign exchange value of the dollar weakened.
In the two years following the Plaza Accord, the exchange value of the dollar versus the yen declined by 51 percent.
The U.S. dollar index, which measures the exchange value of the greenback versus a basket of currencies, tumbled 0.624% to 74.068.
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That good that generally has exchange value with everything else is money.
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Industry thrives because it does what it is supposed to do: offer something someone wants for a price worth the value offered in exchange.
"We are encouraged that these efforts have sparked an open discussion about maximizing value for the Exchange, " Mack said in a statement Tuesday afternoon.
What he missed and what the paper-only financial establishment always misses is that the end towards which all investments are aimed is exchange value.
All goods and services in the economy have some exchange value.
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While consumers are lost in a sea of unbelievable offers and companies pawn their value proposition in exchange for the slimmest of margins, the giants of group buying are ever growing.
This is the value of an exchange-rate peg in an economy such as Hong Kong's: adjustment to external shocks takes place through changes to domestic prices, rather than through exchange-rate levels.
You have to acquire a reputation as a person who produces just the right amount of money that people want, in particular money that does not depreciate and retains its exchange value.
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For the next 18 years, the Federal Reserve loosely followed a de facto price rule by targeting commodity prices including the price of gold and the foreign exchange value of the dollar.
To achieve price stability, it would require the Fed to monitor a full range of asset prices including not only goods and services, but also the price of gold and the foreign exchange value of the dollar.
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Also, as Argentina demonstrated in 2002, when a new currency with no credibility is suddenly introduced, monetary conditions have to be kept savagely tight in order to maintain any exchange value for the new currency at all.
Both the FT and Chris Redman writing in Fortune raise questions about what the overall value of big exchange mergers will be worth given the competition from electronic venues such as BATS, Direct Edge and Chi-X.
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If the Fed chooses to reduce the real burden of the debt via inflation, the purchasing power of money will fall along with the foreign exchange value of the dollar, and those who trusted in U.S. public debt will suffer.
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What would have been the impact on commodity prices and the foreign exchange value of the dollar if the Fed had increased the money supply by a factor of eight (rather than a factor of three) in a bit more than four years?
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The PVF allows the investor to receive an up-front payment (typically, 75-85% market value) in exchange for delivery of a variable amount of shares or cash in the future, at which time the capital gain is realized for tax purposes and the tax on the capital gain is paid.
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"When you are creating a currency whose purpose is to be unregulated and then that currency gains value and its exchange rate with the dollar or the pound sterling increases, then clearly this is going attract all sorts of people who want to launder their illicitly earned money, " he says.
" Speaking via satellite from Washington to the International Monetary Conference in Barcelona, Spain, Bernanke also noted that even though the foreign exchange value of the dollar has been relatively stable in recent months, "the possibility that commodity prices will continue to rise is an important risk to the inflation forecast.
The point of the deal is to learn where all the value to be traded lies and then to find the most efficient way to exchange that value.
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The world's largest exchange operator by market value outbid rivals last year to buy the London Metal Exchange, and plans to offer Asia-focused products and explore partnerships with China's own fast-growing trading platforms as soon as next year.
Square, he says, is about that communications channel, that exchange of value, that merchant-payor communication.
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But Bitcoins dropped sharply in value as the MTGox exchange came under a sustained attack by hackers.
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