"Nicholas never needed to be warded before, so we were a bit shocked, " recalls his mother, Monica.

CNN: HOSPITALS IN FLUX

Anticipating that elephants will adjust to the chili, however, and no longer be warded off by it, experts such as Mr. Malugu are studying still other methods.

WSJ: Elephants Now Think Twice About Midnight Snacks in Tanzania

Last month, she approved a third-grade textbook for Arab Israelis that teaches children that Arabs view the 1948 War of Independence, in which the infant state warded off the invading armies of five Arab states determined to annihilate its Jewish population, as "the nakba, " or catastrophe.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Israel's reeducation minister