In 1861 the city was conquered by the Tukulor emperor al-Hajj 'Umar and was then occupied by the French in 1893.
We know that the clock mechanism soon broke down, and it was up to the eunuchs to pump water manually every time the emperor was passing in front of the statues.
That was the famous Meiji emperor, and in his case the visiting American was Commodore Matthew Perry , who steamed into Tokyo Bay in 1853 with a powerful squadron and "suggested" that Japan abandon its feudal isolation and open relations with the outside world.
In the old days, it was strictly governed by the emperor, who imposed restrictions on height, colour and design.
His unexpected appearance on Peka Peka Beach - north of Wellington and 3, 000km (1, 860 miles) from his Antarctic colony - stunned wildlife experts who said he was only the second emperor ever recorded in New Zealand.
The Japanese believed in the unwritten Samurai code of conduct, known as Bushido, which held that the true warrior was willing to die for the Emperor and would never surrender.
They were convinced that preserving the monarchy, specifically the reigning emperor, was essential if the larger goals of the occupation were to succeed.
In the end, it was an emperor, Napoleon III, nephew of the more famous Napoleon, who completed the project in the 1850s.
At the imperial durbar at which King Edward VII was proclaimed Emperor of India, the Viceroy, Lord Curzon, rode on the grandest elephant of all.
Earlier this year Uzbekistan banned Valentine's day and introduced plans instead to commemorate the medieval emperor and poet, Babur, who became the first Mughal emperor and was born on 14 February.
Eighty miles east of Tripoli, Leptis Magna was the hometown of Roman Emperor Septimus Severus.
Many loyal Japanese did conclude that, if the emperor was blameless, so were they.
In 1941 a Soviet team opened Timur's tomb and discovered that physically at least the emperor was no Hercules.
The Constitution of Japan was promulgated and became effective on November 3, 1946, when it was signed by the Japanese Emperor Hirohito and all the ministers of government on that day.
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The Hall of Middle Harmony was a kind of backstage area where the emperor stopped to compose himself and consult with ministers before entering the Hall of Supreme Harmony.
The Herzen State University, Russia's leading pedagogical university, was founded in 1797 by Emperor Paul the First and remains dedicated to teachers' training in a wide variety of disciplines.
Dorothy Rabinowitz, the leading Fourth Estate investigative columnist who showed that the prosecutorial emperor had no clothes, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 2001 in large part for her work in exposing the fraud of these prosecutions.
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The extremely rare 18th Century ornament, made for a Chinese emperor, was brought to Britain by the seller's family more than a century ago.
France at the time was a global superpower, ruled by Emperor Napoleon III, its military machine undefeated since the Battle of Waterloo a half-century before.
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It was initially built under the auspices of Emperor Yongle between 1406 and 1420.
This too was banned as an import by the emperor, but as with all such illicit goods, smuggling on a massive scale occurred.
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Built under the reign of Chengzu, it was designed to project the might and majesty of the Chinese emperor.
The Mother-in-Law was a spangly shrine to the singer who dubbed himself "Emperor of the World, " wore an ermine-trimmed cape and opened his act with the trademark scream "Burn, K-Doe, burn!"
In 1822, Dom Pedro, founder of the Brazilian Empire was crowned as first emperor of Brazil and ruled as Pedro I.
Indeed, local audiences were suspicious of the Emperor, as Kurosawa was called for his imperious ways, and studio bosses tired of his perfectionism and big budgets.
In the 4th century, Emperor Constantine founded a church on the site, which was destroyed in the year 529, only to be replaced by larger structures, which form the basis of the church today.
Beijing was built to show off the power of the emperor and leave visitors in awe.
Initially, it was administered by a governor on behalf of the Mughal emperor in Delhi.
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C. by Lady Hsi-Ling-Shi, wife of the Emperor Huang Ti, while she was having tea in her garden under a mulberry tree.
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