Sea water is pumped into the oil-bearing rocks deep below the seabed.
Under the Ninth Circuit ruling, a permit could be demanded for every drain and ditch that directs water from a logging road to a fish-bearing stream.
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Operated by Anadarko with 30%, that well was another monster, going down more than 31, 000 feet in 5, 800 feet of water, and discovering a remarkable 1, 000 feet of oil-bearing rock with very promising reservoir properties.
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Specially formulated lubricants are used in fracking, which involves pumping water, fine sand and fracking fluids underground to split open oil- and gas-bearing rocks.
Hydraulic fracturing pumps many thousands of gallons of mainly water and sand, with a few chemicals, at high pressure into tight gas-bearing shale deposits (hardened muds), creating cracks that allow gas to flow back up the well to the surface ( Shale Shock).
Two others emerge from the station, large, hulking men, hats in place, flameproof coats on their backs, bearing flats of Poland Spring water on their shoulders tiny eight-ounce bottles of Poland Spring green label and I think any one of them could down the whole lot by himself but this is what they have, and for this, too, they are grateful.
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Geological forces lifted these oil-bearing rocks up toward the surface of the earth, within reach of water and bacteria.
Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, pumps millions of gallons of water mixed with fine sand and chemicals deep into oil and gas wells to crack gas-bearing rock.
More than 10 drillers have already received Department of Environmental Protection permission to use mine discharges for fracking, a technique in which millions of gallons of water, along with chemical additives and sand, are pumped down a well to break apart gas-bearing shale deposits.
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