Coupling is a process for determining the wave function of an atom that has a large number of electrons.

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Though nobody is quite certain, it looks as though the Hartle-Hawking wave function may behave rather like Dr Page's model.

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This was all based on a simple insight: The behavior of the electron was dictated by the wave function rather than particle physics.

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Dr Page's model of the initial wave function of the universe is, as he would be the first to admit, far too simplistic.

ECONOMIST: The universe, it appears, may not be alone

Its movement looks like a regular sine wave function within pretty defined parameters, and this pattern has held true for the last 1200 days.

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The only way the Hartle-Hawking wave function can explain an expanding universe with a reasonable probability is if the many-worlds picture is the right one.

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As a simplified model, Dr Page imagines a wave function for a whole universe (for these purposes, a universe can be considered as a single particle), from which two possible versions might be born.

ECONOMIST: The universe, it appears, may not be alone

We know how such stories tend to function: they trace the sine wave of obscurity, glory, and setback and, in the process, gather Academy Awards for those in the central role.

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