Indeed, mini bank-runs helped spark the current crisis.
的确，小型银行挤兑是引发当前危机的最后一根稻草。
Ken Lewis is still CEO of Bank of America, and the same board still runs the company.
美国银行的首席执行官还是肯·路易斯，经营这个公司还是原来的董事会。
Banks still are vulnerable to bank runs because they still have deposits so the system is still vulnerable and therefore the Federal reserve has a set of reserve requirements.
银行仍然对银行挤兑敏感，因为它们仍然有存款，所以这个系统还是比较脆弱的，因此，联邦储备金有一系列的法定准备金率。
Second, I emphasise that bank runs come in many forms and bank runs can occur even when individual depositors are insured.
第二，我强调，银行挤兑以多种形式运行，并且即使在个人存款人投保后也有可能发生银行挤兑。
Worse yet, bank runs can be contagious.
更糟糕的是，银行挤兑可以传染。
They thought bank runs were a thing of the past.
他们还以为银行挤兑是过去才发生的事儿。
Though there haven't been any signs of bank runs, the risk is that a bigger economic panic could scare Italians into putting their money elsewhere.
虽然现在还没有任何银行挤提的迹象，但更大的经济恐慌可能会吓得意大利人把财富转移到海外。
Again, there would be bank runs in Europe as depositors fled weaker countries, leading to the reintroduction of capital controls.
但是由于存款者皆会转而进入疲软的国家，银行挤兑在欧洲会再度上演，资本控制会再次实施。
At worst, some Banks may fail-and trigger real bank runs in countries whose shaky public finances have left them ill equipped to prop up their financial institutions.
最坏的情况则可能是某些银行倒闭，并在那些公共财政原本脆弱、无力支撑金融机构的国家引发真正的银行挤兑。
If the market keeps shunning Italian and Spanish debt and bank stocks keep falling, Europe will face more damaging bank runs and a disorderly default on someone's debt will become almost unavoidable.
如果市场继续冷落意大利和西班牙国债，再加上银行股继续下滑，欧洲将遭遇更加严重的银行挤兑，且债务违约将大行其道。
What about imposing capital controls to head off possible bank runs?
怎样看待采取资本控制措施以避免发生可能的银行挤兑？
And as the unknown unknowns have turned into known unknowns, the system has been experiencing postmodern bank runs.
伴随着未知的未知转变为已知的未知，金融体系正在经历后现代主义版本的银行挤兑风潮。
If it carried out that threat, a liquidity crisis in Greece, bank runs and other mayhem could ensue.
如果欧洲央行言必行，那么在希腊就会引发一场流动性资产危机，银行纷纷溃逃，其他灾难也会接踵而至。
Walter Bagehot, an authority on bank runs, once wrote: “Every banker knows that if he has to prove that he is worthy of credit, however good may be his arguments, in fact his credit is gone.”
银行经营的权威沃尔特·白芝浩曾经写道：“所有银行家都知道，信用需要证明之日，即是信用不再之时，不管证明信用的依据有多强。”
Friedman (and coauthor Anna Schwartz) famously faulted the Federal Reserve for not printing enough new money in the early 1930s to offset the decline fueled by bank runs.
弗里德曼以及其合作者安娜·施瓦茨最著名的失误就是在二十世纪三是年代要求美联储不要印刷足够的新货币已抵消掉银行运行不足的影响。
As a result, Europe runs the risk of repeating Japan's "lost decade" in the 1990s, when huge losses clogged bank balance sheets and inhibited new lending.
其结局是，欧洲在冒着和日本90年代‘失去的10年’一样的风险，那时日本银行的资产负债表充斥这巨额损失，进而妨碍它们新的放贷。
Like Spain's Santander and Italy's UniCredit it runs retail operations across the continent (a position boosted by the purchase of bits of Fortis, a failed Belgian bank, in 2009).
巴黎银行的零售银行业务已横跨整个欧洲大陆，比如其在西班牙的桑坦德银行(Santander)以及意大利的联合信贷(UniCredit)的相关业务(这样的地位是在2009年收购了一家破产的比利时银行- - - - - - -富通银行的部分资产后获得的)。
Thus, runs the theory, Mr Abbas will reap the praise for a better life in the West Bank, while Gazans' well-being will be at the mercy of a now-isolated Hamas.
于是，按照这个理论，阿巴斯先生会因为在西岸更好的生活而获得赞扬，而与此同时，加沙人的幸福则将任由目前孤立的哈马斯摆布。
But they could face bank runs long before then.
但在此之前，他们可能面临银行挤兑的局面。
Deposit insurance is a standard antidote to bank runs and is typically financed by a levy on deposit-takers.
存款保险是对付银行挤兑的标准方法，其资金通常向存款接受人征收。
Egypt decided to ease restrictions after Hamas recently signed a reconciliation agreement with the rival Fatah faction that runs the West Bank.
哈马斯最近和统治约旦河西岸的对手法塔赫签署了一项和解协议，埃及因而决定放宽管制。
Deflation serves no benefit to the Federal Reserve, as declining prices spur positive-feedback panic selling and bank runs, and debt repayments in nominal terms under deflation cause real losses.
通货紧缩对美联储没有益处，下跌的价格刺激正反馈的恐慌性抛售和银行挤提，以及在通货紧缩下以名义价偿还债务造成的真正损失。
The mere prospect of euro break-up could cause bank runs in weak economies as depositors scrambled to move savings abroad to avoid forced conversion.
只是脱离欧元就会导致经济不景气的国家中银行竞赛，因为储户会争先恐后把存款移至国外，以避免被迫转换货币。
PAUL KRUGMAN: As a technical matter, it's almost impossible to leave the euro-any country that even began the process would face the mother of all bank runs.
保罗·克鲁格曼：从技术上来说，不可能放弃欧元——任何国家哪怕一开始这样做，就会造成银行挤兑。
"YOU kind of needed to think about this 30 years ago," says Stuart Gulliver, who runs HSBC's investment bank, when asked about Western Banks expanding in emerging markets. He has a point.
汇丰银行投资银行主管欧智华被问及西方银行进驻新兴市场时说道：“三十年前你就该有这想法了。”
It got there by bulking up its energy and commodities teams and using its global network to win African business from European and Indian clients, says V. Shankar, who runs the bank outside Asia.
负责亚洲之外分行的V .Shankar说，做到这一点是因为其建立起了能源与商业团队，以及用全球网络赢得了欧洲和印度客户在非洲的业务。
Theoretically, deposit insurance changes incentive restrictions faced by the depositors. On one hand, it eliminates the panic bank runs, so as to isolate the infectivity of bank crisis.
理论上讲，存款保险制度改变了存款人和银行面临的激励约束，一方面消除了恐慌性银行挤兑，隔绝了危机在银行间的传染；
When the ball hits the ceiling fan, sometime early 2011 at the earliest, there will be massive bank runs.
当球打到吊扇，在2011年早些时候的某个时间，将会有大规模的银行挤兑。
Kimanthi Mutua, who runs K-Rep Bank, a big Kenyan microlender, says that in 2007 he fielded calls from prospective investors every couple of weeks.
齐曼西? 穆托(Kimanthi Mutua)在肯尼亚经营一家较大的微型金融机构，名为K-Rep银行，他说2007年的时候每隔几周就会接到潜在投资者的电话，然而过去的六个月里，他一个电话也没接到。
Kimanthi Mutua, who runs K-Rep Bank, a big Kenyan microlender, says that in 2007 he fielded calls from prospective investors every couple of weeks.
齐曼西? 穆托(Kimanthi Mutua)在肯尼亚经营一家较大的微型金融机构，名为K-Rep银行，他说2007年的时候每隔几周就会接到潜在投资者的电话，然而过去的六个月里，他一个电话也没接到。
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