These institutions have an implicit, or explicit, federal guarantee on their debt that lowers their cost of capital, giving them a permanent competitive advantage.
这些机构的债务拥有隐性和显性联邦担保，这降低了其资金成本，从而赋予了它们永久性的竞争优势。
According to the western financial theories, the cost of debt capital is lower by far than that of equity capital because of risk and tax.
西方财务理论认为，由于风险和税收的原因，债权资本成本远远低于股权资本。
The quantitative limits of rational debt of petroleum enterprise are calculated when total capital return ratio is higher or lower than debt capital cost respectively. A case of calculation is given.
结合石油企业的生产经营特点，分别提出了总资本报酬率高于或低于债务资本成本时石油企业合理负债率和负债额的数量确定方法，并给出了案例分析。
The quantitative limits of rational debt of petroleum enterprise are calculated when total capital return ratio is higher or lower than debt capital cost respectively. A case of calculation is given.
结合石油企业的生产经营特点，分别提出了总资本报酬率高于或低于债务资本成本时石油企业合理负债率和负债额的数量确定方法，并给出了案例分析。
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