The beauty of the experimental design is that it effectively rules out confounding variables; acoustic isolation assures that the female can respond only to the song structure itself.
实验设计的美妙之处在于它有效地排除了混淆变量；声学隔离确保了雌性只能对鸣声结构本身做出反应。
The study sounds simple, but the design of the experiments was actually somewhat complex, because the researchers had to overcome a number of confounding variables.
这个实验听起来很简单，但是实验的设计确实有一定程度的复杂性，因为研究人员不得不克服一些混淆变量。
Identify possible biases and confounding variables, both during the design phase of the study and the interpretation of the results.
可以通过研究的设计步骤和结果的合理解释来鉴别可能的偏差和混杂的变量。
Although study limitations included observational design, the authors thought it unlikely that confounding by indication could explain the findings.
虽然研究的局限性包括观察性设计，作者仍认为用这些迹象的混淆来解释这些发现是不可能的。
Although study limitations included observational design, the authors thought it unlikely that confounding by indication could explain the findings.
虽然研究的局限性包括观察性设计，作者仍认为用这些迹象的混淆来解释这些发现是不可能的。
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