In the second part, we use Economies of Scale Theory, Transaction Cost Theory and Synergy Effect Theory to explain holistic listing.
第二章，应用规模经济理论、交易费用理论和协同效应理论对整体上市进行解释。
The theory changed as economists realized conditions in the market were imperfect, and that only a small number of companies in certain industries, such as autos, had economies of scale.
理论变化是因为经济学家了解到市场的条件是不完美的，何况只有一小部分公司在一定的行业规模化了。
Natural monopoly is characterized by economies of scale and production cost subadditivity in the traditional and new theory of natural monopoly.
现有自然垄断理论从规模经济和成本劣加性定义了自然垄断。
And the new growth theory which emphasizes economies of scale and knowledge diffusion directly proved that spatial optimization can promote long-term growth rate and bring about dynamic benefits.
而强调规模经济和知识扩散的新增长理论直接证明了空间优化能够提高各地区的长期增长速度，从而带来动态利益。
And the new growth theory which emphasizes economies of scale and knowledge diffusion directly proved that spatial optimization can promote long-term growth rate and bring about dynamic benefits.
而强调规模经济和知识扩散的新增长理论直接证明了空间优化能够提高各地区的长期增长速度，从而带来动态利益。
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