In response to this, smallholders have developed strategies for (ex ante) risk management and (ex post) risk coping.
为此，小农制定了(事前)风险管理和(事后)风险应对战略。
In the supply chain, the problems in agency mainly involve the adverse selection caused by ex ante information asymmetry and moral hazard caused by ex post information asymmetry.
供应链中的委托代理问题主要包括由事前信息不对称引起的逆向选择问题和由事后信息不对称引起的道德风险问题。
There is not only ex ante nonsymmetric information, but also ex post nonsymmetric information between the commercial banks and the borrowers, and then lead to produce the credit risk.
在商业银行与借款者之间，既存在事前非对称信息，又存在事后非对称信息，使之产生信贷风险。
Economics profession disappointed the public very much by its both ex-ante and ex-post performance in regard of the crisis, which suggested economics profession's own crisis.
经济学职业界在经济危机爆发前后的表现均令公众大失所望，凸显了这一学术领域所面临的危机。
This paper has dealt with an important aspect of accounting, which consists of the demarcation of accounting data and information, based on Ex Post information, from required Ex Ante information.
研究了会计核算的一个重要方面，包括以“事后记录”信息为基础的会计核算数据和信息与所需的“事前预测”信息的界定。
This paper has dealt with an important aspect of accounting, which consists of the demarcation of accounting data and information, based on Ex Post information, from required Ex Ante information.
研究了会计核算的一个重要方面，包括以“事后记录”信息为基础的会计核算数据和信息与所需的“事前预测”信息的界定。
应用推荐