The temperature scale that turns out to be well—defined and ends up giving us the concept of an absolute zero is the ideal gas thermometer.
理想气体温标它有精确的定义，并能引出绝对零度的概念。
Great. So now we have this ideal gas thermometer, and out of this ideal gas thermometer, also comes out the ideal gas law.
好，现在我们有了理想气体温度计，由此还可以引出理想气体定律，我们可以得到这条，插值出的直线的斜率。
So from measured equation of state data, or from a model like the ideal gas or the van der Waal's gas or another equation of state you know this.
所以，从测量的到的状态方程的数据，或者从状态方程模型比如理想气体方程，范德·瓦尔斯方程或者其他状态方程，我们就可以知道。
Ideal gas would be the same temperature.
而理想气体的话两边温度将一样。
It's like the ideal gas law, and one could know that in principle.
有点像理想气体定律，我们可以从原理上理解这点。
Let's try it with a different equation of state, that isn't quite as simple as the ideal gas case.
考虑一个不同的状态方程，这状态方程不像理想气体状态方程那么简单。
What that means is, I've got my ideal gas in some container.
这意味着，我们把理想气体装在一个容器中。
In other words, we're taking advantage of the fact that we now know that quantity. In the case of the ideal gas we just have a simple model for it.
换句话说，我们可以利用我们已经，了解这个物理量的这个优势，对理想气体我们有一个简单的模型。
So if we have an ideal gas, and certainly if we're going to assume an ideal liquid mixture, we can safely assume that it's an ideal gas above it.
那么如果我们有理想气体，当然如果我们设想，理想液体混合物，我们就能放心地，假设上面是理想气体。
对理想气体就是这个。
And molecules in an ideal solution, an ideal solvent, are not very different than molecules in an ideal gas.
理想液体中的分子，理想溶液，与理想气体中分子没有太大的不同。
We just treated the one case of an ideal gas as the temperature is reduced.
我们只是讨论了温度下降时,理想气体的行为。
You have to have a gas in there because of the ideal gas for the approximation that goes in here.
气体必须出现在相变中，因为这里出现了理想气体近似。
V So we can, instead of having the volume of the gas here, we can use the ideal gas law.
所以我们可以在这里不保留这个，而是代入理想气体方程。
And that's because this is different from what it is in the ideal gas case.
因为这一项，和理想气体中的对应结果不同。
This quantity is exactly zero for an ideal gas and we'll discover why eventually it has to do with what we mean by an ideal gas it turns out.
对理想气体它是零,这点我们接下来会知道是,为什么，这与为什么我们叫它理想气体有关。
It's easier to think about it, to learn first in terms of the ideal gas, but it applies equally well to what you're more likely to use.
这很容易想象，首先学习理想气体，但是利用到，溶液上也是一样的。
Now, it's a little bit more complicated than for the ideal gas.
这跟理想气体相比，会稍微有点复杂。
An ideal gas, and we're going to be talking about ideal solutions.
理想气体，我们将会，讨论理想液体。
H for an ideal gas is only a function of temperature. This is not true for a real gas fortunately, but it's true for an ideal gas.
不正确的，但是幸运的是，对于理想气体是完全正确的。
Now, if this is an ideal gas, we know that pressure is equal to nRT over volume.
如果这是一个理想气体系统，我们知道压强等于nRT除以体积。
So we have a very simple expression which is called the van't Hoff expression, and look at how it resembles the ideal gas law.
我们得到了一个很简单的结果,这个公式叫做van’t，Hoff公式，这个公式和理想气体公式很相似。
For the ideal gas, we know that u is volume independent.
对于理想气体,我们知道u与体积无关。
Let's use the ideal gas law to get rid of the temperature.
我们用理想气体定律，来消去温度。
du It's an ideal gas, and that's equal to w1 prime.
等于CvdT，du，is，Cv，dT。,因为是理想气体，所以等于w1一撇。
The ideal gas constant doesn't change, temperature doesn't change, and so v we just have minus nRT integral V1, V2, dV over V.
理想气体常数不变，温度也不变，因此,是负的nRT，积分从v1到v2，dv除以。
DV we're still going to write that it's an ideal gas.
理想气体的条件，也依然成立。
Right now we told you Joule did all these experiments and he found out that for an ideal gas, that the limit in and ideal gas 0 case was that the eta J was equal to zero.
现在我告诉你们焦耳,做了所有这些实验,他发现对于理想气体,在极限情况下理想气体的ηJ等于。
Ln and now I've got log of PI over p, and I'm just going to use the ideal gas law.
现在有，现在我要用理想气体定律。
And it's an ideal gas, pV so I'm going to replace pV by NkT.
理想气体，可以用NkT替代。
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