These materials turn from a solid into a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase.
这些材料在相变时从固体转变为吸收能量的液体。
Latent heat is absorbed or released whenever matter changes phase, as when matter changes from liquid to gas, for example, or from gas to liquid.
潜热在物质形态变化时被吸收或释放，例如当物质从液体变为气体或从气体变为液体时这一过程就会发生。
When heated, these materials turned from a solid into a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase.
当这些材料受热时，它们会从固态变成液态，并在相变时吸收能量。
So what this line is, then, this line is the line of points that tells me when I have coexistence between the gas phase and the liquid phase.
所以这条线只是一系列点的直线,这些点实际上是,气相和液相之间的共存点。
And turning the crank at equilibrium, being equal between the solid phase and the liquid phase.
在平衡态固相和液相的化学势相等，固相和气相一样。
Since the gas and liquid are in equilibrium, therefore we know the chemical potential in the liquid phase too.
由于气相和液相的化学势相等，因此我们也就知道了,液相中的化学势。
We started out with four variables; the temperature, the pressure, and the components in the composition in the liquid phase and the composition in the gas phase.
我们一开始有四个变量：，温度，压强，某个组分在液体中的比例，和它在气体中的比例。
So I'm going to start all in the liquid phase.
从所有的都是液体开始。
T fixed. This is the liquid phase. So suppose I start with some high pressure up here somewhere.
固定温度，这里是液相，从直线以上的某点出发。
So I've gotten the composition in the gas phase in terms of the composition in the liquid phase.
我利用液体中的组分，表示出了气体中的组分。
'it's only in this liquid phase that the virus is capable of entering a cell to infect it.'
而就在这一液态阶段，病毒才得以入侵并感染细胞。
It has to be the same as what it started in in the liquid phase.
与开始时，它在液相里的一样。
The chemical potential of a molecule of A in the liquid phase here is the same as the chemical potential of A in the gas phase. So we have two constraints.
液态分子A的化学势,等于气态分子A的化学势,所以我们有两个约束条件。
Chemical potentials of a, in the gas phase has to be the same as the chemical potential of a in the liquid phase.
处于气态的A的化学势等于，处于液态的A的化学势。
So we have a liquid phase on the bottom.
液体在下部。
And I can invert this to get the composition in the liquid phase in terms of the composition in the gas phase it's not so straightforward, but you can get xA as a function of yA, as well.
然后即可以用气体中的组分，写出液体中的组分，虽然过程不简单，但是你可以得到xA作为yA的函数。
The Gibbs free energy per mole of a in the liquid phase.
液相中的化学势就是，液相中每摩尔a的吉布斯自由能。
So when we look out here, at the liquid phase.
那么我们看这儿，在液相。
There's a coexistence between the gas phase and the liquid phase. And what does it mean for a liquid to be coexistent with a in the gas phase?
这里存在一个气态和液态的共存关系，是什么意思，液态的A物质和气态的A物质共存？
So you start here in the liquid phase, with some composition.
我们从某个成分，比例的液相开始。
But now, it's not as a function of the composition at the liquid phase it's a function of the composition in the gas phase.
但是现在，这里不再是以液相的组分比，作为变量，而是以气相的组分比作为变量。
But I also changed the composition of my liquid phase.
同时也改变了液体的组成。
这边是液相。
And we squeeze, and now we've got more water in the liquid phase than in the gas phase.
我们继续压缩，现在液态的水，比气态的水更多。
In the gas phase and the liquid phase.
在气相和液相都有。
Ok. Then you started looking at both the gas and the liquid phase in the same diagram.
好，然后在同一张图中，考虑气相和液相。
So this is the one that's showing us the mole fraction in the liquid phase.
这是告诉我们,液相摩尔分数的曲线。
And the liquid phase obeys Raoult's law.
液相遵循拉乌尔定律。
We've found composition in the gas phase in terms of composition in the liquid phase.
我们已经用液相的组分，写出了气相的组分。
Of course, if you were to just keep going, you'd get into the pure liquid phase.
当然，如果你继续向上，你将会进入纯液相。
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