Living wills are not a new departure either.
使用生存遗嘱也不是什么新鲜事。
Some policy makers support living wills and contingent capital.
一些决策者支持这种“预立遗嘱”和“或有资本”的方式。
These are less living wills than examples of prestructured euthanasia.
这些与其说是生前遗嘱，不如说是提前安排的安乐死。
Yet it is a huge leap to imagine that living wills can resolve moral hazard.
然而，如果幻想生前预嘱能解决道德风险问题，那我们就太激进了。
Yet it is a huge leap to imagine that living wills can resolve moral hazard .
然而，如果幻想生前预嘱能解决道德风险问题，那我们就太激进了。
Finally, the bill requires that all systemically vital firms create living wills.
最后，该法案要求所有体系内举足轻重的公司都要立一个生前遗嘱。
Patients should be encouraged to draft living wills to make their end-of-life desires known.
应该鼓励病人起草遗嘱，让人了解其临终愿望。
If Banks have to plan for their own demise by making "living wills", they may downsize voluntarily.
如果银行一定要为他们的倒闭做出计划，他们可能就会主动缩小规模。
Various ideas to make finance safer, like contingent capital and living wills, are circulating today.
很多时下正在实行的方法都能够保证资本的安全，比如说或有资本，生前预嘱。
Almost all the Republicans leading the charge against "death panels" have voted for living wills in the past.
几乎所有带头对“死亡小组”发出指控的共和党人以前都曾投票赞成病危意愿书。
"Living wills will be a forcing device for the clarification and simplification of legal structures," he said.
他表示：“生前遗嘱将是一种施压手段，旨在清晰化和简化法律架构。”
The fact that banks are just waiting around until they are required to develop living wills is another example.
另一个例证则是银行业只是一味坐等，直到被迫制定“生前遗嘱”（living wills）。
The hypocrisy was startling: when Sarah Palin was Governor of Alaska, she encouraged citizens there to take out living wills.
这种虚伪令人震惊：莎拉·帕林任阿拉斯加州长时，她曾鼓励当地公民撰写病危意愿书。
Banks will be required to prepare "living wills" -blueprints for winding down the business in the event of looming bankruptcy.
它还要求各大银行准备“生存遗嘱”——企业濒临破产时用以逐步结束其生产行为的设计方案。
But for living wills to have this effect, they must move beyond mere contingency planning and towards a partial break-up of Banks' balance-sheets.
可是，生前预嘱要想奏效，仅有应急预案是不够的，必须向分解银行资产负债表的方向迈进。
To the extent that there is much public discussion about this phase of life, it's about getting more control over our deaths (with living wills and the like).
提到大众对这一人生阶段的讨论，大多围绕着应如何更好地应对掌控死亡这一问题（比如说生前立遗嘱之类的）。
If living wills forced Banks to simplify, allowing investors and administrators to get to grips with their inner workings quickly, failures might be less chaotic.
假设生前预嘱能迫使银行简化，允许投资者和管理层迅速在内部运作上想办法，下功夫，那么，破产也许不会引起那么大的混乱。
Others employed surrogates who were asked to make “living wills” outlining their preferences for treatment (or the lack of it) in various hypothetical circumstances.
有的研究则使用了“替代者”，要求其在各种假设条件下说出体现其愿意或不愿意接受某种治疗方式的“生存意愿”。
The longer-term debate may yet move from wishy-washy living wills to breaking up banks (as the governor of the Bank of England suggested on October 20th—see article).
长期讨论的焦点也可能从软弱的生存意愿到解散银行（正如英格兰银行行长于10月20号建议的那样）。
“Living wills” can force banks to plan for their own collapse, which should make it easier to protect depositors while forcing creditors, not taxpayers, to bear the pain.
“生前遗嘱”将迫使银行为破产做打算，而这也将更有助于保护存款用户----让债券人而非纳税人来承担损失。
The US is relying on new powers given to regulators to seize and break up institutions that they deem to be in trouble, as well as insisting on Banks preparing their own "living wills".
美国想借用监管机构有新的权力，找到并解散一些他产认为有问题的机构，同时美国也美国坚持银行准备自己的生前遗嘱。
The decisions were restricted to terminal medical situations and did not recognize the legal status of living wills, instead leaving the ultimate decision in the hands of the physicians?
决定权只限于终止治疗，而未考虑到生存愿望在法律上的地位，实际等于将最终决定权交给医生。
Yet these policies duplicate others designed to tackle the same problem, including capital surcharges, stress tests, living wills and a push to "bail in" bondholders when disaster strikes.
然而这些政策也只是复制其他用来解决同样问题的策略，包括资本附加费、压力测试、“生前遗嘱”制度以及应对危机的自救性债券。
Yet these policies duplicate others designed to tackle the same problem, including capital surcharges, stress tests, living wills and a push to "bail in" bondholders when disaster strikes.
然而这些政策也只是复制其他用来解决同样问题的策略，包括资本附加费、压力测试、“生前遗嘱”制度以及应对危机的自救性债券。
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