These transmitter molecules cross the gap and bind to special receptors in the downstream nerve cell.
这种递质分子穿过间隙，会结合到下游神经细胞的特殊受体上。
Its researchers have turned them into a type of cell that produces the insulating sheath around a nerve cell.
其研究人员已经把干细胞变成了一种在神经细胞周围产生绝缘护套的细胞。
The resulting pictures let the path taken by each nerve cell to be traced through the worm’s body. They also revealed the connections between cells.
得到的这些图像使得从每个神经细胞伸出的“小路”遍布到蠕虫的身体，同时也显示出了细胞之间的连接。
In addition, it contains some useful elements for nerve cell such as vitamin B1.
此外，它还含有对神经细胞十分有益的维生素b1等元素。
Within an hour of a person falling asleep, slow waves will have covered his entire cortex, affecting every nerve cell in it.
在人入睡后的一小时内慢波将覆盖其整个大脑皮层，并影响其中的每个神经细胞。
These proteins are found in every nerve cell and control the release of the chemicals which neurons use to talk to each other, called neurotransmitters.
这两种蛋白质存在于所有神经细胞之中，并能控制在神经间传递信息的化学物质神经传递素的释放。
Two servings of salmon a week, provides ingredients that support brain tissue and enhance nerve cell function.
一个星期吃两份三文鱼可以提供支持脑组织的成分，并且强化神经细胞功能。
An ion channel is a protein that lets charged particles enter or leave a cell to generate electrical signals, a basic process of nerve cell communication.
离子通道是可以让带电粒子进入或离开细胞，产生电信号的一类蛋白，是神经细胞交流的基础。
All cells carry the same complete genome, but different genes get turned on, for example, in a liver cell compared with a nerve cell.
所有的细胞都携带着相同且完整的基因组信息，但细胞却千差万别，比如肝细胞和神经细胞。
These are molecules that carry information from one nerve cell to another.
神经递质是一类分子，他们能在神经细胞之间携带并传递信息。
The other end of each electrode is attached to a nerve cell, so that the BrainGate can sense the activity of 100 nerve cells simultaneously.
这些电极的另一端与神经细胞相连，以使“大脑之门”可以同时感知100个神经细胞的活动。
In addition, the nerve endings from where information is sent must release slight amounts of neurotransmitters to stimulate the neuroligin in the postsynaptic nerve cell.
另外，在传出信息的神经末端会释放少量的神经传递素，从而增加突触后神经细胞中的神经胶质素。
And what they saw is a steady decrease in the size and number of dendritic spines, the tiny branches of the nerve cell that receive messages from nearby cells.
他们发现从邻近细胞接受信息的神经细胞的小分支——树突脊的大小和数目发生了逐步的减少。
A nerve cell consists of a cell body and a projection called an axon that carries the nerve signal.
一个神经细胞包括一个细胞体和一个传递神经信号的被称为神经突的突出部分。
A different stain marks nerve cell fibers (bottom), revealing heavy staining in the central region where nerve fiber tracts connect one region of the brain to another.
用一种不同的着色剂标示出了神经细胞纤维(底部)，图中中部着色很重的区域是神经束将大脑的各个不同部位进行连接的部位。
Armed with this breakthrough, we can begin testing drug compounds that treat the disease at its root cause, improving nerve cell communication.
有了这个突破，我们可以开始试验能够提高神经细胞根治自闭症的药物。
Most of this energy goes towards maintaining synapses, the junctions across which impulses jump from nerve cell to nerve cell, keeping the brain alert even when it is not doing anything.
其中大部分用来维持突触，让大脑即使在无事可做时也保持警觉。突触是神经细胞间的连结，脉冲信号通过它们在细胞间传导。
Most of this energy goes towards maintaining synapses, the junctions across which impulses jump from nerve cell to nerve cell, keeping the brain alert even when it is not doing anything.
其中大部分用来维持突触，让大脑即使在无事可做时也保持警觉。 突触是神经细胞间的连结，脉冲信号通过它们在细胞间传导。
This protein is often produced when nerve cells are reacting to neurotransmitters and is thus regarded as a general marker for nerve-cell activity.
这种蛋白通常是在神经细胞对神经传递素起反应时产生，因此它也被认为是神经细胞行为活动的生物标志。
And what they saw is a steady decrease in the size and number of dendritic spines, the tiny branches of the nerve cell that receive messages from nearby cells.
结果他们看到树突棘的大小和数量稳步下降，而树突棘正是新细胞的微小的分支，可以用来接收临近细胞的信息。
In humans, it is difficult to study such brain and nerve-cell changes.
我们很难在人类身上研究这样的大脑和神经细胞变化。
When they detect light, rods and cones pass the visual signal from nerve cell to nerve cell to the visual processing part of the brain.
当光线被这些感受器感受到时，杆状和锥状细胞就把视觉信号从一个神经细胞传到另一个神经细胞，一直传送到大脑负责成像处理的区域。
The presence of microbes also reduced the amounts of two proteins important to nerve-cell maturation, suggesting how the microbiome leads to the differences in behavior.
细菌的存在也减低了两种有助神经细胞成熟的蛋白的数量，说明细菌引导着不同的行为。
The mutation itself is in a gene for a nerve-cell protein of a type known as an ion channel.
变异的基因是编码一种叫做离子通道的神经细胞蛋白质。
Dr Denk, for example, tracks the myriad branches of a single nerve cell using an enzyme from horseradish.
比如Denk博士就使用一种从辣根上得到蚁酶来跟踪单个神经细胞无数的分支。
Did you know that you have one hundred billion nerve cells in your brain, and every nerve cell has many connections to other nerve cells?
你知道在你的大脑里有1000亿个神经细胞，并且每个神经细胞都和其它细胞有着千丝万缕的连接么？
The scientists found that if a nerve cell is lacking the EphA4-receptor, the neighboring astrocyte increases its transporter numbers.
科研人员发现，当神经细胞缺乏EphA4受体时，与它邻近的星状细胞就会产生更多的转运蛋白。
Grey matter consists of nerve cell bodies.
灰质是由神经细胞体构成。
Axons are the long slender projections that transmit nerve-cell impulses to the rest of the body, controlling movement.
轴突是一个细长的传导物质，将神经细胞的脉动传送至身体各部分，从而控制身体的动作。
But frequently what we see are disruptions in the way that a protein, it's like an insulation sheath around the nerve cell, grows and develops.
但是，我们经常看到一种蛋白质的生长和发育的途径被打断，这种蛋白质就像一个神经细胞周围绝缘护套。
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