Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms.
大多数经济学家并不认为价格操纵会发生，因为他们认为这是由大公司之间的一系列明确协议所导致的。
These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion.
这些经济体通常以公开的方式故意操纵价格。
Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace.
通过卡特尔进行的正式价格垄断，以及通过涵盖行业成员的协议进行的非正式价格垄断，都是司空见惯的。
In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires.
事实上，在所有工业化社会中，固定价格都是正常的，因为工业体系本身作为自身发展的结果，毫不费力地提供了它所需要的固定价格。
Last month the Chongqing courts sentenced six gangsters to death for murder, machete attacks and price fixing.
上个月，重庆市法院判处六名歹徒死刑，罪名包括谋杀、械斗和操纵价格。
Putin overtly threatened Igor Zyuzin, the CEO of Mechel (MTL), a mining and metals giant, accusing him of price fixing in order to evade corporate taxes.
普京公开威胁伊戈尔·久津，矿业和金属巨头，车里雅宾斯克钢铁厂CEO，指控他为了逃避公司税而修改价格。
If there were only two airlines on every route, tacit collusion between them would probably keep prices high but not so high as if there were a single airline or an explicit price-fixing agreement.
假设在每条线路上都只有两家公司，他们可能会心照不宣的勾结，但不会使得价格高到犹如一加航空公司操控或者是基于一个明显的价格协议。
The price-fixing convictions came after years of investigations, environmental lawsuits and fines that had plagued Koch’s oil pipeline and refining divisions.
经过数年的调查之后，科赫公司石油管道和精炼部门的价格垄断为其招致了环保起诉和罚金。
Price-fixing in such a highly fragmented industry is unlikely to have much impact or cause much damage to the Russian economy.
对这样一个高度分散产业进行价格操控不大可能对俄罗斯经济产生冲击或者毁坏。
This week, in a lawsuit that evokes memories of 19th-century trust-busting, the biggest railways are accused of price-fixing fuel surcharges.
本周，一项诉讼让我们想起在“信任破产”的19世纪，最大的铁路公司由于对燃料附加费的价格垄断而被指控。
Ms Kamakahi's lawyers will presumably urge the courts to see through all this and treat it as price-fixing, pure and simple.
Kamakahi的律师大概会要求法院明察秋毫，把定价当作操纵价格，只是纯粹和简单的行为，跟道德无关。
Cohlmia says of the agency’s ruling, “The decision did not find that Koch-Glitsch GmbH engaged in price fixing or any illegal behavior.”
柯西米亚谈到公司的决定，“（公司关闭德国办事处的）决定并不是因发现科赫-格力奇公司德国办事处并未进行限价或任何不法行为。”
Ms Kamakahi’s lawyers will presumably urge the courts to see through all this and treat it as price-fixing, pure and simple.
Kamakahi小姐的律师大概会敦促法院把以上这些列入考虑，然后彻底修改价格。
If there were only two airlines on every route, tacit collusion between them would probably keep prices high but not so high as if there were a single airline or an explicit price-fixing agreement.
如果每条航线上都只有两个航空公司飞机，那么他们间心照不宣地共谋可能会使票价偏高，但也不至于特别高，比如当只有一个航空公司垄断市场或者有一个明确的价格协议时。
Standards and theories of price fixing sanction provision have been well developed in the United States.
有关固定价格的制裁制度在美国已经形成了相对成熟的标准和理论。
All the abovementioned theories have its defect, so compromise theory has become the mainstream theory of sanction on price fixing.
三种理论都有一定的缺陷，因此折中的理论便成为固定价格制裁制度的主要理论基础。
The stock launching system is a macroscopical concept which entails specific launching system, method, price fixing method as well as a series of internal and external marketing environment.
股票发行机制是一个宏观的范畴，不仅指具体的发行制度、发行方式、定价方法，还包括一系列的内外部市场环境。
Are similarity of prices, simultaneous price changes or high prices indications of price-fixing?
是否近似价格、同时发生的价格变动或高价格都是限价行为的迹象呢？
Based on the analysis to the pricing principles and the cost of water supply, this paper proposes the water price fixing method for the xi 'an water supply Company.
在分析水价制定原则的基础上，利用平均成本定价法确定了西安市自来水公司满足供水成本的水价和到位的综合水价。
Crimes committed by persons in businesses including expense - account padding, stealing office supplies, price - fixing, product fraud, etc.
公司职员的犯罪，包括虚报开支、偷盗办公用品、私定价格、产品欺诈等。
To set up the publicity, right, equity of the emergence, choice and price fixing of research project, the article suggested setting up an open and supervision system.
为了保障研究项目及其价格确定的公开、公正、公平，文章提出了拟成果购买制架构下研究项目的公告制度和监督制度的设计。
Anyone with a modicum of MBA knowledge would know that. But it seems the notion that price-fixing was wrong did not occur to any of the participants, or they would not have trumpeted it.
任何一个稍微有点工商管理知识的人都应该知道，但是看起来所有的参与者似乎都不知道这样定价的做法是不对的，不然他们不可能大肆宣扬。
The paper considers that it is the practical way to organically combine the target cost price fixing method with the consumer sense price fixing method.
文章认为将目标成本定价法和消费者感知定价法有机结合是现代营销观念下比较切实可行的方法。
The paper considers that it is the practical way to organically combine the target cost price fixing method with the consumer sense price fixing method.
文章认为将目标成本定价法和消费者感知定价法有机结合是现代营销观念下比较切实可行的方法。
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