The kernel method of test equating has five steps, including presmoothing, estimation of test score probability, continuation, equating and calculation of standard error of equating.
一般说来，核等值法有五个步骤，分别是前平滑处理、估计分数概率、连续化、等值、计算等值标准误。
To compensate for these variations, a statistical procedure known as "equating" is used to account for differences in test difficulty.
为了对以上的变化做出补偿，我们便采取了一个称为“等同”的统计学步骤，以考虑到不同考试的难易差异。
In large scale standardized tests, the test scores, before release, have to undergo a series of transformation processes, including score weighting, score equating, and score normalization, etc.
为了使分数带有大量信息，便于用户使用，大规模标准化考试在最终报道考试成绩前，分数要经过加权处理、等值处理、正态化转换等一系列转换过程。
It converts the scores of the given testees' population on test form X into that of the observed score distribution on test form Y, so it is an observed score equating method.
核等值法通过转换给定考生总体在X卷上的观察分分布，得到Y卷上的观察分分布，因此其本质是观察分等值。
It converts the scores of the given testees' population on test form X into that of the observed score distribution on test form Y, so it is an observed score equating method.
核等值法通过转换给定考生总体在X卷上的观察分分布，得到Y卷上的观察分分布，因此其本质是观察分等值。
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