作为一种语言现象，指称词语的变异也得到了语言研究者的关注。
As a linguistic phenomenon, the variation of referring expressions has always attracted attention of many scholars.
物理世界中我们着重论述了指称词语对观众构成和传播媒介的顺应。
Thephysical world includes the make-up of the audience and the mass media reporting the debates.
会话篇章中指称词语的选择是所指实体的可及性特征、会话结构、照应修正等多种因素共同驱动的结果。
The referential establishment in conversation is underlined by a variety of factors such as the accessibility features of the referent, conversational structure, anaphoric repair, and so on.
证明了意义从根本上说是句子的性质（只是在派生的意义上它也属于词语）之后，弗雷格便可以对语言表达的意义作出涵义和指称的区分。
Having arguedthat meaning is now primarily a property of sentences, and only derivatively ofterms, Frege could then apply a distinction in meaning between the sense andreference of an expression.
本文从词语的复现和同现、指称替代和省略、语篇衔接成分和语篇宏观结构三个方面来具体介绍在精读课中是怎样运用语篇分析技巧的。
This paper discusses how the teaching of Chinese intensive reading can be significantly improved by applying the techniques of discourse analysis to it.
“象人”说远溯先秦之“俑”，是从指称刻木为人而逐渐移身至肖像绘画的词语。
"Resemble person" was the appellation of the "figurines" from the Pre-Qin Period, diversion from the carved wooden dolls made to portrait painting.
“象人”说远溯先秦之“俑”，是从指称刻木为人而逐渐移身至肖像绘画的词语。
"Resemble person" was the appellation of the "figurines" from the Pre-Qin Period, diversion from the carved wooden dolls made to portrait painting.
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