从历史的角度而言，这导致了应用程序不得不在应用层内重新进行现有的数据库级别的授权和审核功能。
Historically, this has resulted in applications having to reinvent existing database level authorization and auditing functions inside the application layer.
管道允许应用层和内核层之间的快速数据交换，还可以在多个程序实例之间进行数据交换。
Pipes allow a fast data exchange between application level and kernel level, also across multiple program instances.
应用层接口负责处理数据在特定应用程序中表示方式上的差异。
The application level of the interface handles differences in the way data are represented in particular application.
应用层接口负责处理数据在特定应用程序中表示方式上的差异。
The application level of the interface handles differences in the way data are represented in particular application.
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