理想气体温标它有精确的定义，并能引出绝对零度的概念。
The temperature scale that turns out to be well—defined and ends up giving us the concept of an absolute zero is the ideal gas thermometer.
而理想气体的话两边温度将一样。
就像理想气体一样浓度，代替分压。
This looks just like the ideal gas, where the concentration replaces the partial pressure.
我们用理想气体定律，来消去温度。
理想气体的条件，也依然成立。
现在有，现在我要用理想气体定律。
Ln and now I've got log of PI over p, and I'm just going to use the ideal gas law.
理想气体，可以用NkT替代。
And it's an ideal gas, pV so I'm going to replace pV by NkT.
这跟理想气体相比，会稍微有点复杂。
Now, it's a little bit more complicated than for the ideal gas.
理想气体，我们将会，讨论理想液体。
An ideal gas, and we're going to be talking about ideal solutions.
对于理想气体,我们知道u与体积无关。
平衡态理想气体的平衡态。
理想气体定律结果，就是一个很好的近似。
The ideal gas law may turn out to be a very good approximation.
就像理想气体在平衡态。
等于对于理想气体一巴时的,化学势加上。
That it's equal to the chemical potential RTlogp at one bar for an ideal gas plus RT log p.
所有的都是理想气体。
这意味着，我们把理想气体装在一个容器中。
What that means is, I've got my ideal gas in some container.
对理想气体就是这个。
因为这一项，和理想气体中的对应结果不同。
And that's because this is different from what it is in the ideal gas case.
在理想气体中是与真空做参考的，什么也没有。
In an ideal gas, it's reference to vacuum, basically there's nothing there.
我们只是讨论了温度下降时,理想气体的行为。
We just treated the one case of an ideal gas as the temperature is reduced.
如果不是理想气体。
我们具体地指定一个卡诺循环，这是理想气体。
And now we're going to specify, we're going to do a Carnot cycle for an ideal gas.
对理想气体，等温过程最简单，因为能量不变。
PROFESSOR BAWENDI: so, for an ideal gas, the isothermal is the easy one because the energy doesn't change.
所以对于理想气体,偏H偏p在恒温下，等于。
So for an ideal gas then, dH/dp under 0 constant temperature, that has to be equal to zero.
这些是理想气体。
从理想气体开始。
有点像理想气体定律，我们可以从原理上理解这点。
It's like the ideal gas law, and one could know that in principle.
当我们有一个混合物时，我们从理想气体开始讨论。
When we have a mixture, and we're going to start with ideal gases.
我们会发现，你们也会发现，理想气体的焦耳系数是零。
And we saw that, you saw that the Joule coefficient for an ideal gas was zero.
气体必须出现在相变中，因为这里出现了理想气体近似。
You have to have a gas in there because of the ideal gas for the approximation that goes in here.
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