目的探讨第一、二鳃弓综合征的病因学、临床症状及治疗手段。
Objective To study pathogenesis, symptoms and treatment of the first and second branchial arch syndrome.
结论：SAP病因以胆源性为主，临床症状缺乏特异性，影像学检查有助于早期诊断及严重度分级。
CONCLUSION: SAP is mainly induced by biliary disease with no specific clinical manifestations. The imaging techniques are beneficial for the early diagnosis and severity grading.
本文简单介绍了原发性帕金森病的流行病学、病因学、危险因素、临床症状、药物治疗和神经外科治疗。
The epidemiology of primary Parkinson's disease(PD), its etiology and risk factors, clinical symptoms , drug therapy and neurosurgical treatment were reviewed.
综述了鸡传染性腺胃炎的病原学、临床症状、病理变化、组织学变化及实验室诊断方法 ，提出了防治措施 ，并阐述了鸡传染性腺胃炎病因的复杂性。
The paper summarizes the aetiology, clinical symptom, pathological changes, histological changes and laboratory diagnosis of chicken infectious gland gastritis, puts forward its prevention and cure.
综述了鸡传染性腺胃炎的病原学、临床症状、病理变化、组织学变化及实验室诊断方法 ，提出了防治措施 ，并阐述了鸡传染性腺胃炎病因的复杂性。
The paper summarizes the aetiology, clinical symptom, pathological changes, histological changes and laboratory diagnosis of chicken infectious gland gastritis, puts forward its prevention and cure.
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