But once the ice retreats and the permafrost thaws, heavy winds, waves, and freshwater currents can pummel the islands from all directions, making them rounder and smaller than in other environments.

但是一旦冰山褪去，冻土消融，那么强风、海浪、淡水洋流将从四面八方袭击岛屿，使岛屿相对于在其他自然环境中，变得更圆更小。

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But once the ice retreats and the permafrost thaws, heavy winds, waves, and freshwater currents can pummel the islands from all directions, making them rounder and smaller than in other environments.

但是一旦冰山褪去，冻土消融，那么强风、海浪、淡水洋流将从四面八方袭击岛屿，使岛屿相对于在其他自然环境中，变得更圆更小。

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