One of them is how the Greeks in the late Dark Ages and in the period in which the polis emerges, made their living.

其中之一是,在黑暗时代末期,以及城邦初现的萌芽时期,希腊人民,是如何生存的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Well, it's around 750, a great number of the changes that moved the Greeks away from the Dark Age kind of society to the full scale polis begin.

在大约公元前七百五十年,发生了许多变化,这些变化将希腊从黑暗时代的社会形态中拽出,进而开始了全面的城邦社会

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The isolation of the Greek towns in the Dark Age gives way increasingly to contact with the east and the south, and when I say the south I really mean Egypt and all around the eastern Aegean Sea.

在黑暗时代孤立希腊城镇,开始逐渐增加与东方和南方的接触,当我的南方,实际上指的是埃及,以及所有东爱琴海的周边地区

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选