Are they beginning to have basic assumptions changed over the last 50 years? I guess, well, 60 years now?
他们承担的基本责任是否正在改变?,经历了过去的50年,哦不,60年直到现在?
From 1641 to 1643, there had been an unprecedented explosion of printing and publishing in England.
从1641年到1643年,在英格兰出现了,空前的印刷出版狂潮。
The First Bank of the United States was created in 1791 and they had a twenty-year charter which expired in 1811.
美国第一银行于1791年,建立并且它们有20年的许可证,到1811年到期。
But if you think of the time span about 900 to 700 B.C., that is, when these changes are taking place.
但是如果你发现它发生在,大约公元前900年到700年之间时
I'm not asking is the car stage, the 2010 car stage ? the same car stage as the 2006 car stage?
我不是在问车的阶段,2010年车的阶段,是不是2006年的阶段?
By 1991, 1992, the company had grown ten times or something like that.
到了1991年,1992年,公司规模扩大了,将近十倍。
The last dated event that is mentioned in 2 Kings is something that occurred in 562. That was when King Jehoiachin was released from prison in Babylon, in 562.
列王记》中最后一个有时间考证的事件是,发生在562年的事情,也就是,犹大王约雅斤在562年从巴比伦被释放。
So Christmas 1925 to New Year's 1926, what did you do for your Christmas vacation?
所以从从1925年得圣诞到1926年的新年,你在圣诞节假期做了什么呢?
We know that there were many candidates in the '92 election and the 2000 election, and we know that "not voting" is important.
我们知道在92年和2000年,有多个候选人参与了大选,还有弃权票对结果也有很大影响
It's 1968 or '69, spilling over in to the seventies.
时间是1968年或69年,临近70年代。
So, between 1650 and 1750, and this is right out of what you're reading, the rulers of continental Europe, of the biggest states extended their power.
所以从1650年到1750年这段时期,这正好与你们阅读的内容一致,欧陆上,统治者们扩张了他们的势力
I think it's '27; let me get my date right--in 1927 he moved to Chicago, moved north. And in the 1940s he moved to Paris, and he died there in 1960.
927年,我想是27年;,我确认一下,1927年他北迁到芝加哥,1940年代他搬到巴黎,1960年在那里去世。
But,it was the longest republic and it lasts from, depending on when you start it-- and you can read about that-- whether you start it in 1875 or 1877, or when there really was a Republic, the early '80s-- it lasts until May,June 1940.
但这是一个持续时间最长的共和国,它持续了,取决于你如何判定它的开始时间,你可以在书上读到,从1875年还是1877年,还是从真正形成共和国,也就是从八十年代初开始,它持续到1940年六月
And now maybe...now I've just heard that maybe one of those two recessions wasn't even a classic recession at all So the question is 1890 to 1945 on the one hand, 1983 to the present on the other, does that tell us that ? we've gotten better at government interventions?
那么现在也许。。。就你们刚才所说,其中一次所谓的衰退也许,根本不能算是典型的经济衰退了,那么问题在于,从1890年到1945年,以及1983年至今的经济状况,是否说明,政府对经济的干预是有利的?
This could be 1979, this could be 1980, and we keep adding points so we have a whole scatter of points.
假设这里是1979年,这里是1980年,一直添加数据点,就形成了一个散点图
We hear in the 1637 Lycidas those same cries of unripeness and under-preparation that we had heard in the 1631 sonnet, "How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth."
我们在1637年的里听到过,与1631年的十四行诗相同的不成熟和未完成的呼喊,“时光如此飞快,如同偷走青春的窃贼“
Then we had another recession that began in 1953 -that's that line--and it ended in '54, and so on.
接着1953年再次陷入衰退,这条线,结束于54年,等等
This is since 1802-- now how many countries do you think have uninterrupted stock market data since 1802?
西格尔使用的数据始于1802年...,你们想想现在有多少的国家,存有从1802年以来,股票市场的完整数据呢
I might say the 2006 car stage's obviously not the same thing as the 1990 car stage.
我可能说,2006年的阶段和1990年的,不一样。
And some of these works are referred to as the Apocrypha-- so you will have heard that term.These are writings that were composed somewhere around here, sort of 200 BCE to 100 CE.
因为其中一些作品被认为是《次经》,你们中的一些人听我提到过《次经》,这些作品是,大约在公元前200年到公元100年之间整理的。
My graduate student came back and said, it seems to have been Sir John Hicks in London in his 1931--1939 book, A Value in Capital.
我的助研说,约翰·理查德·希克斯勋爵,1904-1989,英国经济学家1972年与肯尼斯·阿罗一同获得诺贝尔经济学奖,在1939年所写的《资产价值》
He has data for a very long time period, 1802 to 2006, for the U.S.
他的数据是采用美国从1802年到2006年,相当长的一段时间。
Bodies may last 20 years, 50 years, 80 years, 100 years, but people would only last an hour or, if it's every minute substitution, a minute.
肉体可能持续20年,50,80,或者100年,但人可能持续一个小时,以分钟算,或者是一分钟。
990 to 2006 very easy I saw the car every day in my garage.
990年到2006年很容易判断,我每天都看到车子放在车库里。
I did it in 1925, but I've got it set up so that I will pay a hundred pounds in 1926 and I'll get this in 1927.
在25年进行投资操作,并通过安排,在26年投资一百英镑后,于27年收回以上回报
And that very same hunk continued into 2000 and it continued into 2006.
这一块东西一直存在到2000年0,又存在到2006年。
There's the performance version of 1634 and the printed version of 1637, and the additions to the text that Milton is making for the published version reflect, I think, his sense that he, like the Lady, is in the process of making an important transition.
634年的表演版本4,和1637年的印刷版本,弥尔顿在出版版本中添加的部分,我认为那表现出,就像是女士吧,是正在做转变的重要进程中。
It took these institutions until 1993--a full six years-- to get their bond allocation back down to where it had been prior to the crash in October 1987.
这些机构直至1993年,整整六年时间,才恢复到1987年10月崩盘之前的,债券投资配置
I have it shown with the--the vertical lines on this chart indicate recessions and this shows--this is from 1948 to 2007 and every recession that we've had since 1948 is shown.
我用图中的这些垂直的线表示,从1948年至2007年的经济衰退,从1948年以来的每一次衰退
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