Bacterial cells are small, one to two microns in diameter and this shows a picture of a common bacterium called E. Coli.

细菌细胞很小,直径只有一到两个微米,这张图片是一种常见细菌,大肠杆菌

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Botox is an injection of a molecule, or a complex molecule but a molecule, so in what ways would that be Biomedical Engineering?

肉毒杆菌素是一种注射用分子,或者说是一种复杂的分子,但它只是一种分子,它与生物医学工程有怎样的联系呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And what he could show was that it could be expressed, this is a picture from his 1994 science paper, in that e coli, and it is going to fluoresce green.

他证明了它可以被表达，这是1994年science文章里的一张图，在这大肠杆菌里，它有绿色的萤光。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

This restriction enzyme was found in a natural source, it was found in a micro-organism called E.coli.

这个限制性内切酶源于自然界,是从名为大肠杆菌的微生物中发现的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Cosmetic surgery - you gave two examples, one was Botox and the other was liposuction.

整容手术,你告诉我们两个例子,一个是肉毒杆菌素,另一个是抽脂手术

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Yeah, so you're asking, if for example, why do you need a booster of tetanus, because if I get exposed to tetanus wouldn't I have this rapid response?

所以你会问,举个例子来说,已经感染过破伤风杆菌的人,为什么仍然需要接种破伤风疫苗,身体不是应该马上对该病菌做出应答吗

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The answer is "Yes you would", the question is "Would that response, even though it's much faster, be fast enough to protect you from the initial exposure to tetanus that you got?"

是的,你的身体会马上做出应答,问题是 即便免疫应答十分迅速,但是否足够迅速,以保护你不被破伤风杆菌感染

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If you delivered Botox all over your body that wouldn't be a good thing, it might not even be a good thing if you delivered it one place in your body, but it's definitely not good if you deliver it everywhere.

如果你把肉毒杆菌素注射到全身,这可不是个好事情,即使仅注射到身体的某一部位,也不见得有多好,不过全身注射会更糟糕

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It was found in strain R, a particular strain of E.coli, and it was the first one found, There's a nomenclature that's evolved for this.

酶被发现于R菌株,大肠杆菌中一种特别的菌株,又是被发现的第一种内切酶,有一种专门为此制定的命名法

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The first three letters of E. Coli are Eco, so Eco.

大肠杆菌的前三个字母是Eco,也就是酶名字中的Eco

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选