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The inner electrons are so tightly bound that they are for all intents and purposes, immobilized when it comes to reactivity.
内部电子被紧紧地束缚着,因此无论怎样，当进行反应时，它都是固定的。
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And, in fact, if any electron comes in their midst, they'll capture it because the binding energy is so high.
事实上，如果电子从中间进来，它们会捕获它,因为束缚能是如此之大。
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So I said that this technique was used to experimentally determine what the different binding energies or the different ionization energies are for the different states in a multielectron atom.
我说过，这项技术被用来,在实验上确定多电子原子的,各个不同态相应的束缚能,或者电离能。
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So, remember when we talk about Coulomb force, what's holding the nucleus and the electron together, there's 2 things we need to think about.
还记得我们在讨论库仑力的时候，提到是什么将原子核与电子束缚在一起时，有两点需要考虑。
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And, as I mentioned, we left off and as we started back here to describe the atom and how the atom holds together the nucleus and the electron using classical mechanics.
我之前提及过，我们上次,讲到应用经典力学如何描述,一个原子以及原子如何把质子,和电子束缚在一起，今天我们要。
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And so the energy is zero because the electron is no longer bound. It is free.
所以这个系统能量为0，因为,电子不再受束缚了，它自由了。
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So, if we want to go from that stable state to that less stable state, we need to put in a certain amount of energy to our system, that difference between the free electron and the electron bound to the metal.
所以，如果我们想使电子,从稳态到达不够稳定的状态，我们需要引入一定数量的,能量到系统中，即自由电子和束缚于金属的,电子的能量差。
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They are good electron donors because the electrons aren't tightly bound.
它们是很好的电子给体,因为电子没有被牢固地束缚。
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And that's going to be equal to the negative the binding energy of 2 s in b, in neutral boron.
它应该等于中性硼原子中,2，s，电子的束缚能的负值。
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That is to say it is confined to the atom.
也就是说电子会被束缚在原子内。
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So, that means the electrons are tightly bound.
所以那意味着这些电子是被紧紧地束缚着的。
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So we can think about what is our most loosely-bound electron, what's that highest energy orbital, and it's going to be the 2 p orbital, that's going to be what's highest in energy.
我们来想一想,它“束缚得最松“的电子是哪一个，能量最高的轨道是哪一个？,它就是，2，p，轨道，是能量最高的轨道。
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It makes a lot of sense when we look at it energetically, because if we think about a 1 s core electron, that's going to be held really, really tightly to the nucleus.
从能量的观点来看这是非常合理的，因为如果我们考虑一下，1，s，芯电子，它会被原子核束缚得非常非常紧。
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So here we have energy increasing on the y-axis, and you see this straight line at the bottom here is lower down on the graph, and that's the energy of a bound electron, so that's going to be a low stable energy.
这里我们看到能量沿着y轴增加，而且在这张图片上,这条直线在底部是降低的，那是一个束缚电子的能量，所以那是一个低稳态能量。
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Core electrons are all those electrons held in really tight with the nucleus in the inner shells, whereas the valence electrons are only those electrons that are in the outer-most shell, or at your highest value of n of the principal quantum number.
芯电子是那些,在内壳层被原子核束缚得非常紧的电子，而价电子只包括,最外层的电子，或者说主量子数，n，的值最大的那些电子。
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And what we say when we talk about the delta energy is I E 2 that this is going to be equal to i e 2, or the second ionization energy, or we could say the negative of the binding energy of a 2 s electron in b plus.
那么我们说,Δ，E，应该等于，或者说第二电离能，也就是正一价硼中，2，s，电子的,束缚能的负值。
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