And Pauli says no two electrons in a given system can have the entire set of quantum numbers identical.
而泡利认为在一个给定的系统内,没有两个电子有完全相同的量子数。
and so when I was in Paris most of the time, I would just go to like, get some food or to go to the bar.
所以大多时候我到了巴黎,我会去买些食物或者去泡吧。
They're actually stored in these vesicles and so--and they get into the vesicles in a variety of different ways.
实际上它们就储存在小泡里,它们通过不同方式进入小泡
Who took a ball, the vesicle, and he transplanted from the embryo, the ear region, to a limb.
他从胚胎的耳朵部分中,取出一个泡囊移植到腕部。
The first one is the Pauli Exclusion Principle which was enunciated by Wolfgang Pauli.
第一部分是泡利不相容原则,由沃尔夫冈,泡利做了详尽阐释。
And Pauli said this: "That guy's work is crap.
泡利说,“那家伙的研究烂透了。
you say, "It's ok, I will make some tea."
你可以说,“没事的,我泡点茶。”
All right, I've got to do one pass to bubble the last element to the end. I've got to do another pass to bubble the second last element to the end.
好的,我要冒一次泡来,把最大的元素冒到最后去,我还得再冒一次泡来吧第二大的元素。
One is the Pauli exclusion principal, we discussed this on Wednesday.
一个是泡利不相容原理,我们在周三讨论过它。
Of course, if you have cereal with milk, then you've got to enter the milk as well because it wasn't just the cereal that you had.
当然,如果你吃了牛奶泡谷物,你还需要输入牛奶,因为你不仅吃了谷物
so it's not always ah, in the library.
免得我整天都泡在图书馆里。
to party, club, you know, have good time.
来聚会,泡吧,好好玩。
Heat up the library all the time.
要天天泡在图书馆里。
another thing that you'd find if you looked inside the axon terminals of any of these pre-synaptic membranes, you'd find lots of vesicles or some membrane bound compartments that contain special chemicals called neurotransmitters.
如果你仔细观察,突触前膜的轴突末梢内部,你会发现很多小泡,即膜包被的结构,包含有称为神经递质的特殊化合物
And this dimple is later forming a vesicle, a round ball, that goes on and forms the ear.
随后形成一个圆球状的泡囊,直至发育成耳朵。
And once they start to become part of one system, Pauli Exclusion Principle kicks in.
一旦他们开始成为体系的一部分,泡利不相容原理起作用了。
When these vesicles dump their contents into the synaptic cleft, the concentration of these ligands rise.
当这些小泡将其内含物释放入突触间隙,这些配体的浓度即增加
What did he do? Well, he studied with Pauli.
他做过些什么,他曾和泡利一起学习过。
And then we let the ball develop into a fully grown inner ear.
接下来,我们让泡囊发育成一个成熟的内耳。
When an action potential comes down this pre-synaptic axon, when it reaches this point here, it sets off the process of these vesicles dumping their content into the synaptic cleft.
当动作电位到达轴突的突触前膜时,当到达这一点时 小泡就将其内含物,排放到突触间隙中去
This process, which is shown schematically here, as a vesicle fusing with the cell membrane and then dropping its neurotransmitter only happens when an action potential reaches the end of the axon.
这一过程 扼要地展示在这里,小泡同细胞膜融合,释放其神经递质,这只发生在动作电位抵达轴突末梢时
One experiment a post doc of mine did was he took these cells and injected them back in to the ear into the otic vesicle at the stage where we think the cells are in development.
我的一位博士后做了一个实验,他提取出这些细胞,然后注射到,处于发育阶段的,耳部泡囊中。
If you could look inside a pre-synaptic axon terminal, you would find one of the characteristics is that it's loaded with these vesicles and they're just sitting there waiting to receive an action potential so that they can immediately dump their contents.
如果你能够一窥突触前的轴突末梢内部,你将会发现一个共同特征,神经递质都装载在小泡中,时刻准备着等待动作电位激活,以便迅速释放其内含物
He eventually got a position at the University of Hamburg where he was a Professor of Physics.
泡利最终在汉堡大学,谋到了一个职位,他做的是大学的物理教授。
The idea could be summed up by a quotation from the physicist Wolfgang Pauli.
这种批评可以用物理学家,沃尔夫冈·泡利的一句话来进行概括。
They're synthesized, they're packaged into vesicles, and then they're just waiting.
神经递质不断合成 包装进小泡中,时刻准备着
And I mentioned that the ear develops from a little ball.
前面我曾说过,耳朵是由一个小小的泡囊发育而来的。
Cocoa Puffs.
可可泡芙
And Pauli was asked his opinion about another physicist.
有人问泡利对另一个物理学家的看法。
And we are going to use the Pauli Exclusion Principle and we are going to use the fact that we fill from lower energy to higher energy.
我们将会用到泡利不相容定律,而且我们准备利用这个事实,那就是我们从低能级到高能级填充。
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