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A big problem with this is a lot of Freudian theory is claimed to be validated in the course of psychoanalysis.
这里存在的一个大问题便是,精神分析理论中的很多内容,被认为是能够在精神分析的过程中,得到证实的。
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But the strong Freudian view about symbolism and wish fulfillment has not been supported by the study of dreams.
但精神分析理论中,关于象征和愿望满足的观点,并未得到梦境研究的证据支持。
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It's a little bit like Aristotle's idea of catharsis, which can be understood in a variety of ways, but Milton at the end of Samson Agonistes understands it in one way when he says, Now we have as a result of this tragedy "calm of mind, all passion spent."
这有点像亚里士多德的精神发泄法理论，我们可以通过各种方法来理解，但是米尔顿在《力士参孙》一书的结尾,有另一种理解，他写道，这个悲剧使我们拥有了,“平静的精神，耗尽的热情“
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Initially a psychoanalyst, trained through the works of Freud, she realized the focuses had been too much on the negative-- on neurosis, on psychosis and said we also, not only but also have to focus on what is working on human organism.
她最初是精神分析学者，学习弗洛伊德的理论，意识到其过于注重消极面-,神经症，精神病，她认为，还必须关注影响人类生命体的东西。
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We'll talk about theories of schizophrenia but they're not explanations of sexual attractiveness.
我们会讲到关于精神分裂症的理论,但它们却并不能用来解释性吸引。
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And I want to talk about psychoanalysis today and behaviorism next week.
今天我们先来讲讲精神分析理论,下周再谈行为主义理论。
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Others would want to jettison that aspect of Freudian theory.
其他人则想要抛弃精神分析理论,在这个方面的内容。
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Freudian theory is now, at this point of time, extremely controversial and there is a lot of well-known criticisms and attacks on Freud.
如今，精神分析理论存在很多争议,有很多著名的针对弗洛伊德的批判和攻击。
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Arguably, Freud fails the test because Freudian theory is often so vague and flexible that it can't really be tested in any reliable way.
可以肯定的是，弗洛伊德的理论无法得到验证,因为精神分析理论的内容,太过模糊又太易变通,你无法通过任何可靠的方式,去验证它的正确性。
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So today and Monday we're going to talk about two very big ideas and these ideas are associated with Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner and are psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
所以在今天和星期一,我们将学习两大心理理论,其代表人物分别是,西格蒙特·弗洛伊德和,伯尔赫斯·弗雷德里克·斯金纳,这两个理论便是精神分析理论,和行为主义理论。
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But I'm going to present this as an example here because it illustrates so many of the Freudian themes, particularly themes about dreams, the importance of dreams, about repression and about hidden meaning.
但我之所以要举出这个例子,是因为它展示了大量精神分析理论的主题，特别是关于梦境，梦的重要性，梦的压抑及其隐含意义这样的主题。
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We tend to underestimate the importance of Freudian thought in everyday life because he's transformed our world view to such an extent that it's difficult for us to remember if there's any other way to think about it.
我们常常低估了精神分析理论,在日常生活中的重要性,因为他改变了我们的世界观,让我们以一种自己难以想到的方式,来看待世界。
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