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But I think it's a good example of a place where biomedical engineers of the future are going to contribute.
不过我认为这是,未来生物医学工程师努力的方向之一
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So probably the, the most common example of Bio-Engineering is stem cell research,
可能最常见的生物工程案例就是干细胞的研究了，
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It talks about the basics, then it talks about physiology in the second part, and then it talks about Biomedical Engineering separately.
教材先讲基础知识,第二部分讲生理学,然后再单独讲生物医学工程
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A theme of that book was that-- I've already said this to you, but it's a very important point-- financial technology is evolving and improving just the way engineering technology or biochemical technology is improving.
这本书的其中一个主题是...,尽管已经提过,但这非常重要,我想强调一下...,就是金融技术的演进过程,与工程技术或生物技术,的演进过程并无二致
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We now know, and I'm going to talk about next time, lots of ways to do this, alternatives to this method of bioengineering.
我下节课会讲,我们现在知道,有很多方法能做到这一点,并能替代上述生物医学工程方法
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This is one example that, without fail, people would say is a marvel of medicine and bioengineering, but that it's still something to keep track of.
刚才就是一个例子,在技术上我们并没有失败,人们也会称赞医学和生物工程的神奇,但仍然需要注意可能发生的情况
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That study is Systems Physiology and that's an important subdivision of Biomedical Engineering.
这项研究叫做系统生理学,它是生物医学工程的一个重要分支
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But it's also an example of a great success in biomedical engineering.
也是生物医学工程成功的例子
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If you looked on the classes server you saw Chapter 1, and Chapter 1 describes some of the sort or organization of Biomedical Engineering into sub-disciplines, which I've listed here.
如果你上过班级服务器就会看到第一章,第一章介绍了生物医学工程的,若干亚学科 像这里列出的这样
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To answer the question what is Biomedical Engineering, we're going to spend time on that today and we'll spend time on Thursday, and I want to approach it from a couple of different angles.
我在今天和周四课上,来回答,生物医学工程是什么,我会从一系列不同的角度来带你们入门
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Now, I've highlighted three of these in blue here, imaging, mechanics, and biomolecular engineering because if you go on to study Biomedical Engineering here at Yale anyway, these are the things that you might pick to emphasize on.
我把这三条用蓝色字强调出来,影像学,生物机械学,和生物分子工程,如果你们继续在耶鲁学习生物医学工程,这些内容是你们必须重点掌握的
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Well let's take a step back for a minute; that's one way of looking at Biomedical Engineering, by looking at sort of the things that you know about that have been the result of the work of biomedical engineers and talk more generally.
好的,话说回来,了解生物医学工程的一种方法就是,通过看一些你们熟悉的东西,它们同时也是,生物医学工程的研究成果,并对它们做一般意义上的讲解
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So at the end of this first lecture where I've gone some way I am trying to tell you what Biomedical Engineering is about, I thought I would try to relate it in a different sort of way.
在第一堂课的最后,我已经从几个方面为你们描述了,生物医学工程是什么,我想可以试试把它和其他学科联系起来
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It's a biological system that you've engineered from taking cells from one organism and cloning them and developing a whole other organism.
所谓生物系统的工程化,就是从一种生物体内中取出细胞并克隆,将它们培养成为另一个有机整体
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Lasik surgery Lasik surgery - now why that one, what makes you think of that as an example?
激光辅助屈光角膜层状重塑手术,为什么是激光辅助屈光角膜层状重塑手术,你为什么觉得它属于生物医学工程范畴呢
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So it's the work of biomedical engineers, really, to take these innovations make them so that everybody can take advantage of it.
这就是生物医学工程师的工作,将药物这样的科研成果转化为产品,让所有人都能用得上
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That's really a complex systems problem, the kind of problems that engineers are very good at dealing with.
这真是复杂的系统性问题,解决这类问题,恰恰是生物医学工程的拿手好戏
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That's one challenge and we'll talk about ways to think about engineering approaches to solve that problem.
该问题一直很具挑战性,我们会讲到,如何用生物医学工程的方法来解决它
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These are examples of Biomedical Engineering of the future that expand on what we currently use, which involves to no small extent, technology like this.
这些将会是,生物工程领域未来的发展,它根植于现有技术,包括了很多像这样广泛使用的技术
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But any that seem like controversial or like, 'I don't think that's Biomedical Engineering' or 'that's not what I want to learn about in this course'.
对上面提到的这些还有争议么,比如,我认为这不是生物医学工程的内容,或者,这不是我想学的
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This will lead us into a discussion of sort of bioengineering of the immune system, in particular, and we're going to talk next week about vaccines.
我们会借此展开对,免疫系统的生物医学工程化的讨论,下周我们将讲到疫苗
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Let me put it that way; I hope we don't spend a week talking about that one because that's not what I thought Biomedical Engineering was.
换句话说,我可不想花费一周课来讨论这种问题,因为我觉得那不属于生物医学工程
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So I want to try to put this together into a form that I've come to understand what Biomedical Engineering is and present it to you.
我把我对生物医学工程的理解,都列入这个表,就是现在你们看到的
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Week1 we're trying to talk about this question, what is Biomedical Engineering.
第一周我们将探讨,什么是生物医学工程
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So biomedical engineers have been working for many years on how to design replacement parts for joints like the hip: the artificial hip is the most well developed of those.
因此,生物医学工程师花了很多年时间,致力于设计像髋关节这样的关节替代品,尤以人工髋关节的研究最为成熟
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Drugs like antibiotics, Penicillin, Erythromycin, again something else you probably all had experience with and you think well that's not Biomedical Engineering that's science, that's somebody discovering a molecule that kills microorganisms.
像抗生素,青霉素和红霉素这样的药物,你们都用过这些药,你不认为这属于生物医学工程的研究范围,而认为是科学的产物,科学家发现这种分子能够杀灭微生物
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What products of Biomedical Engineering have you encountered?
你们接触过哪些生物医学工程的产品
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We'll talk about a field which is growing now called biomolecular engineering and that is the design of biomaterials or new materials that can be implanted in the body, it's new ways of drug delivery.
我们也会讲到现在正在发展的一个领域,叫做生物分子工程,该领域主要研究可植入人体的,生物材料或新材料,它将是新的给药途径
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We do this in the undergraduate Biomedical Engineering laboratory in the Malone Building so that we can do demonstrations and sort of hands on projects to really get a little bit deeper into the subject that we're considering.
开会的地点在,生物医学工程本科生实验室,在马龙大楼,这样我们就能通过做演示和实际操作,使大家较深刻地了解,我们讲过的东西
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Because you trust biomedical engineers to have done a good job in designing these things and we'll talk about how biomaterials are designed and tested, and what makes a material, the properties of a material that you could use as a contact lens, what are the properties that it needs to have.
因为你深信生物医学工程师们,在设计这些材料时,已经做了充分的工作,我们会讨论如何设计和测试这些生物材料,什么材质具有,能够用来,做成隐形眼镜的材料的属性,它们需要具备的特性究竟是什么
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